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Resultados de una estrategia de vigilancia con prueba de antígeno de SARS-CoV-2 / Results of a surveillance strategy with SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing
Benger, Juan; Esandi, María E.; Viego, Valentina; Caccavo, Alberto; Firpo, Angelina S.; Bru, Miranda; Funes, Joaquín; Rodríguez, Ana.
  • Benger, Juan; Hospital Municipal de Coronel Suárez.
  • Esandi, María E.; Universidad Nacional del Sur. AR
  • Viego, Valentina; Universidad Nacional del Sur. AR
  • Caccavo, Alberto; Hospital Municipal de Coronel Suárez.
  • Firpo, Angelina S.; Hospital Municipal de Coronel Suárez.
  • Bru, Miranda; Hospital Municipal de Coronel Suárez.
  • Funes, Joaquín; Hospital Municipal de Coronel Suárez.
  • Rodríguez, Ana; Hospital Municipal de Coronel Suárez.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(3): 321-331, ago. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394447
RESUMEN
Resumen El objetivo fue describir los resultados de la implementación de una estrategia de vigilancia con el uso de test rápidos de detección de antígeno de SARS-CoV-2. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva entre diciembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021, que incluyó casos sospechosos de COVID-19 evaluados en un hospital público mediante test rápidos y, en los negativos, por test moleculares. Se realizó seguimiento telefónico de los casos positivos y sus contactos estrechos. Se estimaron indicadores de implementación y de transmisibilidad viral (probabilidad de generar transmisión, cantidad de contagios secundarios generados, tasa de ataque secundaria e índice de sobredispersión). Se analizó su asociación con el resultado del test diag nóstico por modelos multivariados. De 1706 pacientes analizados con test rápidos de detección de antígeno, 526 resultaron positivos y 1180 negativos (65 fueron positivos por test moleculares). Se contactaron 579 casos confirmados e identificaron 1669 contactos estrechos (85% con seguimiento completo); 398 contactos fueron positivos durante su cuarentena (tasa de ataque secundaria de 27.9%). De los 579 casos, 205 (35%) reportaron contagios sintomáticos, con un promedio de 0.91 casos secundarios por infector. Se observó sobredispersión de la transmisión. Los positivos confirmados por test rápido tuvieron mayores chances de generar casos secun darios, más casos secundarios por infector y mayor tasa de ataque que los confirmados por test molecular. En conclusión, la estrategia con test rápido de detección de antígeno tuvo una aceptabilidad y cobertura elevada y aceleró el diagnóstico e identificación de los individuos con mayor contagiosidad.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The objective was to describe the results of a surveillance strategy based on the use of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen de tection tests. A retrospective cohort study was held between December 2020 and March 2021, which included suspected cases of COVID-19 evaluated by rapid antigen tests at a public hospital, with confirmatory molecular tests in negative cases. Positive cases and their close contacts were followed up by telephone. The scope, ac ceptability, follow-up coverage and positivity rate of the strategy were estimated, as well as indicators of viral transmissibility (probability of generating transmission, number of secondary infections generated, secondary attack rate, and overdispersion index). Its association with diagnostic tests results was analyzed by multivariate models. Of 1706 patients tested by rapid antigen tests, 526 were positive and 1180 were negative (65 tested positive by molecular tests); 579 confirmed cases could be contacted and 1669 close contacts were identified (85% of these contacts had full follow-up); 398 contacts tested positive during their quarantine (secondary attack rate of 27.9%). Of the 579 contacted cases, 205 (35%) reported symptomatic transmission, with an average of 0.91 secondary cases per infector. Transmission overdispersion was observed. Positive cases confirmed by rapid antigen tests had a higher chance of generating secondary cases, a higher number of secondary cases per infector and a higher secondary attack rate than those confirmed by molecular tests. In conclusion, the rapid antigen tests strategy showed high acceptability and coverage, and accelerated the diagnosis and identification of individuals with the highest contagiousness.

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors / Screening study Language: Spanish Journal: Medicina (B.Aires) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2022 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Nacional del Sur/AR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors / Screening study Language: Spanish Journal: Medicina (B.Aires) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2022 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Nacional del Sur/AR