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The carotid and vertebral arteries discovery ­ initial findings / A descoberta das artérias carótidas e vertebrais ­ achados iniciais
Engelhardt, Eliasz; Levy, Gilberto.
  • Engelhardt, Eliasz; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto. Rio de Janeiro. BR
  • Levy, Gilberto; Independent Scholar. Rio de Janeiro. BR
Rev. Bras. Neurol. (Online) ; 58(2): 35-41, abr.-jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395444
ABSTRACT
The studies on the vascular system, including the cervicocephalic arteries (carotid and vertebral arteries), present a long trajectory, having their deep roots in the far past, considering the Western authors, having as representatives the Greek sages Alcmaeon, Diogenes, Hippocrates, Aristoteles, Rufus, and Galenus. They produced pivotal knowledge dissecting mainly cadavers of animals, and established solid bases for the later generations of scholars. The information assembled from these six authors makes it possible to build a quite clear picture of the vascular system, here specifically focused on the cervicocephalic arteries, and mainly of the extracranial segments. Thus, the carotid system became fairly well identified, origin, course, and name, as well as the origin of the still unnamed arteries running through the orifices of the transversal processes of the cervical vertebrae, and entering into the cranium. Almost all that was then known about human anatomy, since this period, and then throughout the Middle Ages, was extrapolated from animal dissections. This state of affairs was maintained until the 14th century, when human corpses dissections were again allowed.
RESUMO
Os estudos do sistema vascular, incluindo as artérias cervicocefálicas (artérias carótidas e vertebrais), apresentam um longo percurso, tendo suas raízes profundas no passado distante, considerando os autores ocidentais, tendo como representantes os doutos gregos Alcméon, Diógenes, Hipócrates, Aristóteles, Rufus e Galenus. Eles produziram conhecimento pivotal, dissecando principalmente cadáveres de animais e estabelecendo bases sólidas para as gerações futuras de estudiosos. A informação reunida desses seis autores permite construir um quadro bastante claro do sistema vascular, aqui focado especificamente nas artérias cervicocefálicas e principalmente nos seus segmentos extracranianos. Assim, o sistema carotídeo ficou bastante bem identificado, origem, trajeto e nome, assim como a origem das ainda não nomeadas artérias que percorrem os orifícios dos processos transversos das vértebras cervicais e entrando no crânio. Quase tudo que era conhecido sobre anatomia humana, desde esse período, e depois ao longo da Idade Média, foi extrapolado a partir de dissecções de animais. Esse estado de coisas foi mantido até o século 14, quando a dissecção de cadáveres humanos foi novamente permitida.

Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Vertebral Artery / Carotid Arteries / Anatomists Type of study: Diagnostic study / Prognostic study Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Rev. Bras. Neurol. (Online) Journal subject: Medicina Cl¡nica / Patologia Year: 2022 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Independent Scholar/BR / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Vertebral Artery / Carotid Arteries / Anatomists Type of study: Diagnostic study / Prognostic study Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Rev. Bras. Neurol. (Online) Journal subject: Medicina Cl¡nica / Patologia Year: 2022 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Independent Scholar/BR / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/BR