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Influencia de un panel molecular de reacción de polimerasa en cadena múltiple en el diagnóstico o descarte de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica en una cohorte chilena de pacientes críticos con COVID-19
Lasso-Barreto, Martín F.; Cartes, Pablo A; Villagrán, Alfredo M; Alcota, Katherine; Giraldo, Juan S; Ruiz, Carolina.
  • Lasso-Barreto, Martín F.; s.af
  • Cartes, Pablo A; s.af
  • Villagrán, Alfredo M; s.af
  • Alcota, Katherine; s.af
  • Giraldo, Juan S; s.af
  • Ruiz, Carolina; s.af
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407813
RESUMEN
Resumen

Introducción:

La neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (NAVM) es frecuente en pacientes críticos con COVID-19. Su diagnóstico precoz es fundamental para su pronóstico.

Objetivo:

Demostrar la utilidad del panel FilmArray Pneumo (PFA-P) en la confirmación o descarte de NAVM en estos pacientes.

Métodos:

Estudio retrospectivo de 71 pacientes críticos con COVID-19 con sospecha de NAVM en quienes se realizó cultivos y PFA-P para confirmación diagnóstica. Se describen las características clínicas, microbiología y mortalidad. Se define la validez y seguridad de PFA-P.

Resultados:

El uso de FAP-P y cultivos descartó NAVM en 29 pacientes (40,8%). En 41 pacientes se confirmó NAVM y la mortalidad a 30 días fue 48,8%. Se estudiaron 48 muestras, los cultivos fueron positivos en 30 (62,5%) y se detectaron 33 bacterias, PFA-P detectó 32 de estas 33 bacterias; 37 bacterias fueron detectadas exclusivamente por PFA-P. Las bacterias prevalentes fueron Klebsiella pneumoniae (31,4%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21,4%) y Acinetobacter calcoaceticusbaumannii (14,2%). La sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictor positivo y valor predictor negativo de PFA-P con respecto a cultivos fue 96,9%, 92,5%, 46,4% y 99,8, respectivamente. Un paciente tuvo NAVM por Burkholderia cepacia bacteria no detectada por FAP-P.

Conclusiones:

La FAP-P es una técnica molecular eficaz para descartar y diagnosticar la NAVM permitiendo una suspensión rápida de los antimicrobianos o un tratamiento dirigido temprano.
ABSTRACT
Abstract

Background:

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is frequent in critical COVID-19 patients. Its early diagnosis is essential for its prognosis.

Aim:

To demonstrate the usefulness of the FilmArray Pneumo panel (FAP-P) in confirming or ruling out VAP in these patients.

Methods:

Retrospective study of 71 critical COVID-19 patients with suspected VAP in whom cultures and FAP-P were performed for diagnostic confirmation. Clinical characteristics, microbiology and mortality are described. The validity and safety of FAP-P is defined.

Results:

The use of FAP-P and cultures ruled out VAP in 29 patients (40.8%). In 41 patients, VAP was confirmed and the 30-day mortality was 48.8%. Forty-eight samples were studied, the cultures were positive in 30 (62.5%) and 33 bacteria were detected, FAP-P detected 32 of these 33 bacteria; 37 bacteria were exclusively detected by PFA-P. The most prevalent bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.4%) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (14.2%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FAP-P with respect to cultures were 96.9%, 92.5%, 46.4% and 99.8%, respectively. One patient had VAP due to Burkholderia cepacia bacteria not detected by FAP-P.

Conclusions:

FAP-P is an effective molecular technique to rule out and diagnose VAP, allowing rapid suspension of antibiotics or early targeted treatment.

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Type: Article

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Type: Article