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Aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19: reporte de caso / Pulmonary aspergillosis associated with COVID-19: case report
Medina-Ahumada, Patricia; Borré-Naranjo, Diana; Martínez Duran, Analida Yolanda; Herrera-Lomonaco, Sandra; Castro-Mendoza, William; Baños-Álvarez, Iván.
Affiliation
  • Medina-Ahumada, Patricia; Hospital Naval de Cartagena. CO
  • Borré-Naranjo, Diana; Hospital Naval de Cartagena. CO
  • Martínez Duran, Analida Yolanda; Universidad del Sinú. CO
  • Herrera-Lomonaco, Sandra; Hospital Naval de Cartagena. CO
  • Castro-Mendoza, William; Hospital Naval de Cartagena. CO
  • Baños-Álvarez, Iván; Hospital Naval de Cartagena. CO
Rev. colomb. neumol ; 34(1): 39-45, 2022.
Article in Es | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412670
Responsible library: CO215.1
RESUMEN
La aspergilosis pulmonar clásicamente se ha considerado como una enfermedad de paciente inmunocomprometido (neoplasias hematológicas, neutropenia severa, trasplante de órgano sólido, virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida VIH/SIDA) o que afecta a pacientes inmunocompetentes, pero críticamente enfermos. Sin embargo, durante la pandemia por COVID-19 el comportamiento de las infecciones fúngicas ha cambiado, siendo observada con mayor frecuencia en la actualidad. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 20 años, procedente de la Isla de San Andrés, al norte de Colombia, sin patología previa conocida, ingresa al servicio de urgencias cursando con cuadro de tres días de fiebre y tos seca. A su ingreso el paciente está consciente, con fluctuación de la atención, taquicardia y febril. Examen pulmonar y abdominal sin alteraciones. Paraclínicos con leucocitosis, neutrofilia, prueba rápida para COVID-19 negativa y NS1 para dengue negativa. La radiografía de tórax en proyección lateral evidencia infiltrados intersticiales y en tomografía, lesiones nodulares de bordes mal definidos algunos espiculados, con infiltrado intersticial vecino (depósitos tumoral o infeccioso). Resultado de RT- PCR SARSCoV-2 positivo por hallazgos radiológicos se realiza biopsia pulmonar por toracoscopia, cuyo estudio histológico revela nódulos múltiples y estructuras fúngicas en su interior compatible con aspergillus. Se inicia terapia de primera línea con voriconazol y egreso asintomático al completar tratamiento. Se concluye que las infecciones fúngicas representan un reto diagnóstico, su retraso, por falta de sospecha en el paciente inmunocompetente impacta en la morbimortalidad. El aumento de las infecciones fúngicas durante la pandemia, obliga a considerar la aspergilosis como diagnóstico diferencial en paciente con COVID-19, con fiebre persistente y hallazgos radiológicos atípicos.
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary Aspergillosis has classically been considered a disease of immunocompromised patients (hematological neoplasms, severe neutropenia, solid organ transplantation, human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome HIV / AIDS) or immunocompetent but critically ill patients. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic the behavior of fungal infections has changed, being observed more frequently today. A case of 20-year-old male patient, from San Andrés islands, north of Colombia; With no known prior pathology, he was admitted to the emergency department with a 3-day fever and dry cough. On admission, a conscious patient with fluctuating attention, tachycardia and fever. Pulmonary and abdominal examination without alterations. Paraclinical patients with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, rapid test for covid19 negative and NS1 for dengue negative. The chest X-ray in lateral projection shows interstitial infiltrates and in tomography as nodular lesions with poorly defined edges, some spiculated, with neighboring interstitial infiltrate (tumor or infectious deposits). A positive SARS COV 2 RT-PCR result, due to radiological findings, a lung biopsy was performed by thoracoscopy, the histological study of which revealed multiple nodules fungal structures inside compatible with aspergillus. First-line therapy with voriconazole was started, asymptomatic discharge upon completion of treatment. As conclusion fungal infections represent a diagnostic challenge, their delay, due to lack of suspicion in the immunocompetent patient, impacts morbidity and mortality. The increase in fungal infections during the COVID-19 pandemic makes it necessary to consider aspergillosis as a differential diagnosis in a patient with COVID-19, with persistent fever and atypical radiological findings.
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Full text: 1 Index: LILACS Main subject: Aspergillus / Pulmonary Aspergillosis Type of study: Diagnostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limits: Humans Language: Es Journal: Rev. colomb. neumol Journal subject: PNEUMOLOGIA Year: 2022 Type: Article

Full text: 1 Index: LILACS Main subject: Aspergillus / Pulmonary Aspergillosis Type of study: Diagnostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limits: Humans Language: Es Journal: Rev. colomb. neumol Journal subject: PNEUMOLOGIA Year: 2022 Type: Article