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Preditores clínicos e laboratoriais da injúria renal aguda dos inibidores do checkpoint imune em neoplasias sólidas / Clinical and laboratory predictors of acute kidney injury from immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid neoplasms
São Paulo; s.n; 2022. 43 p. tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-1414299
RESUMO

INTRODUÇÃO:

Injúria renal aguda é uma complicação importante e comum nos pacientes com câncer, sendo associada a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Novas classes de quimioterápicos, como os inibidores do checkpoint imune, estão associados a toxicidades imunomediadas, podendo causar nefrites, colites, tireoidites, dermatites e pneumonites.

OBJETIVOS:

Avaliar a incidência da injúria renal aguda nos pacientes com neoplasias sólidas em uso de inibidores do checkpoint imune, e identificar fatores clínicos, laboratoriais e epidemiológicos associados à injúria

MÉTODOS:

estudo clínico, observacional, do tipo coorte retrospectiva, em pacientes com neoplasias sólidas usando inibidores do checkpoint imune (nivolumabe, pembrolizumabe, ipilimumabe, durvalumabe, atezolizumabe e avelumabe), realizado no setor de quimioterapia do AC Camargo Cancer Center. Foram incluídos pacientes com eTFG > 60 ml/min e neoplasias sólidas. Injúria renal aguda foi definida pelo Kidney Disease Improve Global

Outcomes:

pacientes com alterações na creatinina a partir da linha de base (aumento da creatinina sérica de > 0,3mg/dL em 48h ou >1,5 vezes em 7 dias). Foram coletados dados demográficos tais como sexo, idade, comorbidades (diabetes, hipertensão, doença pulmonar, hepatopatias, doenças cardiovasculares), tipo de neoplasia, presença de metástase, esquemas quimioterápicos prévios, cirurgias, tipo de inibidores do checkpoint imune; dados laboratoriais (creatinina, sódio, função tireoidiana (TSH), proteína C reativa, linfócitos, eosinófilos e amostras de urina (urina tipo 1), em momento anterior à exposição ao medicamento, no ciclo da reação adversa e no último ciclo. Um modelo de regressão de Fine e Gray foi realizado para avaliar o risco de injúria, tendo morte como evento competitivo.

RESULTADOS:

Um total de 614 foram incluídos, com idade média de 58,4  13,5 anos, sendo 59% do sexo masculino, com eTFG basal 101,4ml/min  33,2 ml/min, creatinina basal 0.8mg/dL (0,18). A injúria renal aguda ocorreu em 36,5% dos pacientes, sendo as etiologias mais frequentes multifatorial (11,9%), provável imunomediada (9,6%) e infecção (6,8%). Ao fim do seguimento de 12 meses, os pacientes apresentaram creatinina final de 0,9 0,47 mg/dL. Em relação ao status final, 36,9% evoluíram para morte. Na regressão multivariada, o risco de injúria renal aguda geral foi maior naqueles com uso de antibióticos (sHR=2,46; IC 95%, 1,42 ­ 4,26, p<0,01), história de injúria prévia (sHR =2,2; IC 95%, 1,5-3,24, p<0,01) e estratégia Anti-PD1/PD L1 com quimioterapia (sHR=1,54; 1,07 ­ 2,21 IC, p<0,02). Já para lesão imunomediada, foi maior naqueles do sexo masculino (sHR= 2,44; IC 95%, 1,34 ­ 4,44, p < 0,01). A avaliação pelo nefrologista ocorreu em 14,7% dos casos. A mortalidade foi maior naqueles com injúria renal aguda geral (RR=2,04, IC 95%, 1,57 ­ 2,65, p < 0,01), mesmo após ajustado para outras características clínicas.

CONCLUSÃO:

Neste estudo, os pacientes que receberam os inibidores do checkpoint imune frequentemente desenvolveram injúria renal aguda devido a várias etiologias, sendo a principal etiologia multifatorial. O sexo masculino foi um preditor de risco de lesão renal associada a inibidor do checkpoint imune
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

Acute kidney injury is a very important and usual complication in patients with cancer. It has been associated to high morbidity and mortality. New chemotherapeutic drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors are related to immuno-mediated toxicity and may cause nephritis, colitis, endocrinopathies, skin toxicity and pneumonitis.

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate acute kidney injury incidence in patients with solid tumors who are taking immune checkpoint inhibitors and to correlate this data to serum, urinary biomarker and clinical and epidemiological factors of acute kidney injury.

METHODS:

Retrospective observational cohort designed to identify acute kidney injury's biomarkers in those with solid tumors who are taking immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab and avelumab), at Chemotherapy department of AC Camargo Cancer Center. Patients with eGFR > 60 ml/min and solid neoplasms were included. Acute kidney injury was defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global

Outcomes:

criteria for changes in creatinine from baseline (increase in serum creatinine of > 0,3mg/dL in 48h or >1,5 times in 7 days). There were used demographic data such as gender, age, morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lung, liver, and cardiovascular diseases, tumor characteristics, previous chemotherapeutic schemes, previous surgeries, immune checkpoint inhibitors taken and its dose. Laboratorial data collected were such as renal function (creatinine), electrolytes (sodium), thyroid function (TSH), urine samples (urinalysis), before drug exposure, in adverse events cycle and in last cycle. Statistical analysis was made on SPSS software, 25.0 version, and the results include average, mean, standard deviation and percentages for descriptive data. We assume statistically significant results when p value < 0.05. To assess the risk of injury competing with death, we conducted cumulative incidence curves and used the Fine and Gray model.

RESULTS:

We included 614 patients in the analysis. Average age was 58,4  13,5 years, with 59% male, and had baseline eGFR 101,4  33,2 ml / min, mean baseline creatinine 0.8  0,18mg / dL. Acute kidney injury occurred in 36,5% of patients, and the most frequent etiologies multifactorial (11,9%), possible associated with immunotherapy (9,6%) and sepsis (6,8%). At the end of the 12-month follow-up or death, patients had a mean end creatinine of 0,9  0,47mg / dL, 59,7% were alive and 36,9% progressed to death from cancer. In multivariable Fine and Gray model, the risk of overall acute kidney injury was higher in those with antibiotics use (sHR =2,46; 1,42 ­ 4,26 CI, p < 0,02), previous injury history (sHR =2,2; 1,5-3,24 CI, p < 0,01), anti-PD1/PD L1 combined with chemotherapy (sHR =1,54; 1,07 ­ 2,21 95% CI, p < 0,02). Immune checkpoint inhibitor­acute kidney injury risk was higher in males (sHR =2,44; 1,34 ­ 4,44, 95% CI, p < 0,01). The evaluation by the nephrologist occurred in 14,7% of cases. Mortality was higher in those with acute kidney injury (RR =2,04, 1,57 ­ 2,65 95% CI, p < 0,01), even after adjusting other clinical features.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors frequently developed acute kidney injury due various etiologies, with the main etiology being multifactorial. Male was a predictor of immune checkpoint inhibitor ­ associated acute kidney injury.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Type of study: Prognostic study / Risk factors Language: Portuguese Year: 2022 Type: Thesis

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Type of study: Prognostic study / Risk factors Language: Portuguese Year: 2022 Type: Thesis