Estudio de mutaciones en neoplasias mieloproliferativas Philadelphia negativas en un hospital público chileno / Search for mutations in patients with Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms in a public hospital in Chile

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-MPN) are clonal disorders whose pathogenesis has been elucidated in recent years, creating diagnostic and prognostic algorithms. AIM: To study JAK2, CALR y MPL gene mutations in patients with Ph-MPN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study of patients with MPN (2015-2019), reviewing clinical, demographic and laboratory data. JAK2, CALR and MPL gene mutations were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: We studied 72 patients. Fifty percent had essential thrombocythemia (ET), 26.4% had polycythemia vera (PV) and 23.6% had primary myelofibrosis (PM). Bone marrow biopsy was available in 76.5%. At diagnosis, the mean age was 65.5 years and 61% were symptomatic. A thrombotic event was the most frequent problem in 20% and 25% had splenomegaly. There were statistically significant differences in hematological parameters between the different MPNs. JAK2 V617F mutation was detected in 61.1%. Only 19 JAK2 V617F negative patients were available for CALR and MPL mutation studies, identifying 10 triple negative cases. Kaplan Meier curves showed a median survival of 88 months, being similar in the three MPNs. Causes of death in 20 patients were thrombotic complications in 30%, disease progression in 25%, infection in 20%, other neoplasms in 15% and other causes in 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The presentation and frequency of JAK2 V617F, CALR and MPL mutations in our cohort was similar to those reported in other studies for ET and PM. JAK2 V617F mutation was lower for PV. No significant differences between the three MPNs were observed for overall survival. We could not assess the prognostic value of the mutations.