Evaluation of the rotary kinematics between actual and set speeds of X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver and iRoot motors

ABSTRACT

Abstract The present study evaluated the actual rotational speed of three different endodontic motors compared to the values provided by the manufacturers. A total of three endodontic motors (X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver, and iRoot) were tested at 400 rpm and 800 rpm and 2 N/cm2 torque. The kinematics of the devices was recorded by using a custom angle-measuring disc with a 50-mm diameter attached to the handpiece provided by the manufacturer, whereas their movement was captured by a high-speed camera at 2,400 frames per second, 800 x 800 pixel-resolution and distance of 0.3 m from the target object. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. At 400 rpm, the iRoot motor had a value of 17.94 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer, which was significantly different from those of X-Smart Plus (5.20 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer) and VDW.Silver (0.62 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer) motors (P < 0.05). At 800 rpm, the iRoot motor had a value of 51.34 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer, whereas the X-Smart Plus motor had a value of 13.00 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer (P > 0.05). The VDW.Silver motor statistically differed from the iRoot and X-Smart Plus ones, showing a value of 1.68 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer. In conclusion, the X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver, and iRoot motors showed lower variations in the rotational speed values compared to those reported by their manufacturers. The endodontic motors presented different behaviors between them, with the VDW.Silver motor presents the most accurate values and the iRoot presents the most divergent values.

RESUMO

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou a real velocidade rotacional de três diferentes motores endodônticos comparados aos valores fornecidos pelos fabricantes. Um total de três motores endodônticos (X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver e iRoot) foram testados a 400 rpm e 800 rpm e torque de 2 N/cm2. A cinemática dos dispositivos foi verificada utilizando-se um disco customizado de 50 mm de diâmetro acoplado ao contra ângulo fornecido pelo fabricante e o movimento foi capturado através de uma câmera ajustada em 2400 quadros por segundo com resolução de 800 x 800 pixels distante 0,3 m do objeto alvo. A análise estatística foi realizada com nível de significância de 5%. A 400 rpm, o motor iRoot apresentou 17,94 rpm acima do indicado pelo fabricante, sendo o valor significativamente diferente do X-Smart Plus (5,20 rpm abaixo do indicado pelo fabricante) e VDW.Silver (0.62 rpm acima do indicado pelo fabricante) (P > 0,05). A 800 rpm, iRoot apresentou 51.34 rpm abaixo do indicado pelo fabricante e X-Smart Plus 13,00 rpm abaixo do indicado pelo fabricante (P > 0,05). VDW.Silver foi estatisticamente diferente de iRoot e X-Smart Plus, apresentando 1,68 rpm acima do indicado pelo fabricante. Concluiu-se que os motores X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver e iRoot apresentaram baixa variação na velocidade rotacional quando comparada ao fornecido pelo fabricante. Os motores endodônticos apresentaram diferentes comportamentos entre eles, sendo que o motor VDW.Silver apresentou valores mais acurados enquanto o iRoot foi o mais divergente.