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Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: "classic" knowledge and recent acquisitions / Deficiência cognitiva na esclerose múltipla: conhecimentos "clássicos" e aquisições recentes
Piacentini, Chiara; Argento, Ornella; Nocentini, Ugo.
  • Piacentini, Chiara; Institute of Hospitalization and Care of a Scientific Character Santa Lucia Foundation. Behavioral Neuropsychology. Rome. IT
  • Argento, Ornella; Institute of Hospitalization and Care of a Scientific Character Santa Lucia Foundation. Behavioral Neuropsychology. Rome. IT
  • Nocentini, Ugo; Institute of Hospitalization and Care of a Scientific Character Santa Lucia Foundation. Behavioral Neuropsychology. Rome. IT
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(6): 585-596, June 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447423
ABSTRACT
Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by inflammation, axonal demyelination, and neurodegeneration, which can have a strong impact on all aspects of the life of the patient. Multiple sclerosis causes motor, sensory, cerebellar, and autonomic dysfunctions, as well as cognitive and psychoemotional impairment. The most frequently compromised cognitive domains are complex attention/information processing, memory, executive and visuospatial functions. Recently, alterations have also been evidenced in complex cognitive functions, such as social cognition, moral judgment, and decision-making. Cognitive impairment is characterized by high variability and can affect work skills, social interactions, coping strategies and more generally the quality of life of patients and their families. With the use of sensitive and easy-to-administer test batteries, an increasingly accurate and early diagnosis is feasible this allows to determine the effectiveness of possible preventive measures, to predict the future progression of the disease and to improve the quality of life of patients. There is currently limited evidence regarding the efficacy, on cognitive impairment, of disease-modifying therapies. The most promising approach, which has received strong empirical support, is cognitive rehabilitation.
RESUMO
Resumo A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença do sistema nervoso central (SNC) caracterizada por inflamação, desmielinização axonal e neurodegeneração, que pode ter um forte impacto em todos os aspectos da vida dos pacientes. A EM causa disfunções motoras, sensoriais, cerebelares, autonômicas, comprometimento cognitivo e déficits psicoemocionais. Os domínios cognitivos mais frequentemente comprometidos são a atenção complexa/processamento da informação, memória, funções executivas e habilidades visuais-espaciais. Recentemente, também foram evidenciadas alterações em funções cognitivas complexas, como cognição social, julgamento moral e tomada de decisão. O comprometimento cognitivo é caracterizado por alta variabilidade e pode afetar as habilidades laborais, as interações sociais, as estratégias de enfrentamento e, de forma mais geral, a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e de seus familiares. Com o uso de baterias de testes sensíveis e fáceis de administrar, é viável um diagnóstico cada vez mais preciso e precoce isso permite determinar a eficácia de possíveis medidas preventivas, prever a progressão futura da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Atualmente, há evidências limitadas sobre a eficácia, no comprometimento cognitivo, de terapias modificadoras da doença. A abordagem mais promissora, que tem recebido forte apoio empírico, é a reabilitação cognitiva.


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Screening study Language: English Journal: Arq. neuropsiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2023 Type: Article Affiliation country: Italy Institution/Affiliation country: Institute of Hospitalization and Care of a Scientific Character Santa Lucia Foundation/IT

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Type of study: Screening study Language: English Journal: Arq. neuropsiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2023 Type: Article Affiliation country: Italy Institution/Affiliation country: Institute of Hospitalization and Care of a Scientific Character Santa Lucia Foundation/IT