Condiciones neuropsiquiátricas y probable causa de muerte de Maurice Ravel

RESUMEN

El músico francés Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) presentó deterioro neurológico progresivo caracterizado por amnesia, afasia, apraxia, amusia y alexia que se inició a los 57 años, cinco antes de su muerte. Se le practicó lo que se conocía entonces como craneotomía exploratoria y falleció como consecuencia de ello. Hay múltiples publicaciones en las cuales su condición neurológica ha sido evaluada para intentar dilucidar qué enfermedad presentó. Se han considerado demencia tipo Alzheimer, enfermedad de Pick, afasia primaria progresiva, degeneración corticobasal o secuelas de trauma craneoencefálico, ya que tuvo un accidente automovilístico en 1932. Dado que no se practicó autopsia, no se ha podido confirmar el diagnóstico exacto. Se hace una revisión de la literatura y aportes originales sobre la condición neurológica y el impacto psicológico que tuvo en este gran genio musical.

ABSTRACT

Summary The renowned French composer and musician, Maurice Ravel (18751937) exhibited a perplexing case of progressive degenerative neurological symptoms, namely amnesia, aphasia, apraxia, amusia, and alexia. The symptoms started when Ravel was only fairly young, at 57, five years prior to his death in 1937. He was surgically intervened in what was known then as an exploratory craniotomy and passed away. There are a number of publications in which his life and known medical history were dissected and analyzed in an attempt to diagnose the ailment that Ravel suffered. Many diagnoses have been considered, among them Alzheimer's disease, Pick Disease, primary progressive aphasia, corticobasal degeneration, and complications of head injury following a car crash in 1932. Since an autopsy was not performed, an exact diagnosis is rather unlikely, and no one has been able to confirm or deny any of the aforementioned hypotheses. The authors conducted an extensive revision of existent literature and propose some original ideas regarding Ravel's neurological condition, mainly the psychological impact of Ravel's life and experiences and the way they may have influenced his musical genius.