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Asma grave / Severe asthma
González, Claudio D.
  • González, Claudio D; Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejía. Unidad de Neumotisiología. Buenos Aires. AR
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 76(1): 19-24, feb. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841533
RESUMEN
Los objetivos fueron describir la frecuencia de asma grave (AG), definida según criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y analizar diferencias en las características clínicas del grupo con AG frente a pacientes con asma no grave (ANG); secundariamente, investigar el nivel de control alcanzado en ellos con un tratamiento regular. Entre el 01-01-2005 y el 31-12-2014 se analizaron las historias clínicas de 471 pacientes con asma bronquial atendidos en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. La frecuencia de AG entre ellos fue del 40.1% (189/471), más elevada en pacientes del sector público de la salud (47.7%, 108/226 vs. 33%, 81/245, p = 0.001). Los pacientes con AG tenían más edad que aquellos con ANG (51.3 ± 17.4 vs. 42.6 ± 17.1 años, p = 0.000), un tiempo de evolución más largo (mediana de 30 vs. 20 años, p = 0.000), menores niveles de escolaridad (secundaria o superior 41.7% vs. 58.1%, p = 0.000), menor frecuencia de rinitis (47% vs. 60.6%, p = 0.004), niveles más graves de obstrucción (VEF% 50.2 ± 13.7 vs. 77.7 ± 12.4, p = 0.000), mayores antecedentes de asma casi fatal (11.1% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.000), valores más altos de IgE sérica (mediana 410 vs. 279 UI/l, p = 0.01), mayores requerimiento de esteroides (68.7% vs. 50.7%, p = 0.000) e internaciones (37.5% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.000). Un 30.6% de pacientes con AG (58/189) completaron un seguimiento de 12 meses, alcanzando el nivel de asma controlada 13 (22.5%) de ellos. El porcentaje de AG hallada resulta considerable. Se recomienda la realización de estudios multicéntricos que investiguen los niveles de control que podrían alcanzar los pacientes con AG con acceso garantizado a un tratamiento adecuado.
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this work were to investigate the frequency of severe asthma (SA) according to WHO definition and to compare SA patients’ characteristics with those of non-severe asthma (NSA); secondly, to investigate the level of control reached throughout a period of regular treatment. Between 1-1-2005 and 12-31-2014, 471 medical records from patients with bronchial asthma assisted in Buenos Aires City were analyzed. SA frequency was 40.1% (189/471), being significantly higher among patients from the public health system (47.7%, 108/226 vs. 33%, 81/245, p = 0.001). SA patients were older than NSA ones (51.3 ± 17.4 vs. 42.6 ± 17.1 years, p = 0.000), presented longer time since onset of the disease (median 30 vs. 20 years, p = 0.000), lower educational levels (secondary level or higher 41.7% vs. 58.1%, p = 0.000), lower frequency of rhinitis (47% vs. 60.6%, p = 0.004), more severe levels of airway obstruction (FEV% 50.2 ± 13.7 vs. 77.7 ± 12.4, p = 0.000), more frequent antecedents of Near Fatal Asthma (11.1% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.000), higher levels of serum IgE (median of 410 vs. 279 UI/l, p = 0.01) and higher demand of systemic steroids requirements and hospitalizations (68.7% vs. 50.7%, p = 0.000 and 37.5% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.000, respectively). A 30.6% of SA patients (58/189) reached a follow-up period of 12 months, 13 (22.5%) of whom reached the controlled asthma level. The frequency of SA found seems to be considerable. Multicenter studies to investigate the levels of control reached by SA patients with access to proper treatment are recommended.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Asthma Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Argentina Language: Spanish Journal: Medicina (B.Aires) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2016 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejía/AR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Asthma Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Argentina Language: Spanish Journal: Medicina (B.Aires) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2016 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejía/AR