Use of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying cardiovascular risk factors in male Brazilian adolescents / Uso da atividade física e da aptidão cardiorrespiratória na identificação de fatores de risco cardiovasculares em adolescentes Brasileiros

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels on the prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure levels in adolescents. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 614 boys aged 10-14 years were assessed for height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). CRF was assessed using a run test (Léger Test) and subjects were then grouped according to their CRF level. PA level was assessed through a questionnaire (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall) and classified into two groups, namely ≥ 300 minutes of PA/week and < 300 minutes of PA/week. Maturational stage was evaluated according to the development of pubic hair (self-assessment) as proposed by Tanner. We used statistical descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses in the total participants and subjects were divided by age. Fifty percent of the sample performed < 300 minutes of PA/week and 67.6% had unsatisfactory CRF levels. There was a higher prevalence of unsatisfactory CRF levels among subjects with altered BMI (overweight), WC (abdominal obesity) or BP (high blood pressure) for all age groups. PA history, however, did not show any significance. A total of 31% of participants were overweight, 24.8% had abdominal obesity and 15.4% had increased BP. Unsatisfactory CRF levels were found to be a better predictor for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CV) risk factors than PA history, regardless of age group.

RESUMO

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar o impacto da atividade física (AF) e níveis da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) na prevalência de excesso de peso e níveis hipertensivos em adolescentes. Estudo observacional, transversal, com 614 meninos de 10 a 14 anos, que foram avaliados quanto à estatura, massa corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal (CA) e pressão arterial (PA). Utilizou-se teste de corrida (Léger Test) para avaliar a APCR. O nível de AF foi avaliado por questionário (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall), classificando-os conforme prática < ou ≥ 300 minutos/semana. Estágio maturacional foi autoavaliado de acordo com o desenvolvimento dos pelos pubianos, proposto por Tanner. Testes estatísticos de análises descritivas, bivariada e multivariada foram utilizados. Do total, 50% dos escolares apresentaram AF < 300 minutos/semana e 67,6% com APCR insatisfatória. Indivíduos com alterações no IMC (excesso de peso), CA (obesidade abdominal) ou PA (valores hipertensivos) apresentaram maiores frequências de APCR insatisfatória em todas as faixas etárias, enquanto que o histórico de AF não se mostrou significativo. A APCR insatisfatória apresentou-se como melhor parâmetro para o diagnóstico de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (CV) do que o histórico de AF, independente da faixa etária.