Análise sociodemográfica e clínica de pacientes submetidos ao transplante alogênico de células-troncos hematopoiéticas / Sociodemographic and clinical analysis of patients subjected to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

RESUMO

Objetivo: Descrever os achados clínicos e sociodemográficos dos pacientes submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH) e encaminhados à Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FO-UFMG). Metodologia: Foram selecionados 39 pacientes pré-TCTH alogênico entre 2006 e 2008. Os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos do dia - 7 ao dia +360 pós-TCTH. Resultados: Foi possível observar que 59% dos pacientes eram homens, 25,6% eram melanoderma e 53,8% eram solteiros. Trinta e três por cento deles possuíam o ensino fundamental, 38,5% eram católicos e 56,4% residiam em casa, sendo que (51,2%) residem em casa própria e, (61,5%) em zona urbana. O saneamento básico estava presente em 64,1%, a coleta seletiva em 69,2% e a água encanada em 64,1%. A medula óssea foi a fonte de células-tronco para o TCTH usada em 61,5% dos casos, a doença de base mais prevalente foi a leucemia (46,4%) e 41% dos pacientes foram a óbito após o TCTH. Além disso, 43,6% dos pacientes apresentaram a doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro aguda (DECHa) e 62,5% DECHc sistêmica e 58,3% DECHc bucal. Conclusão: Assim, este estudo adiciona ao conhecimento no contexto do TCTH dados referentes ao perfil clínico e sociodemográfico dos pacientes e com isso, sugere que o êxito do transplante compreende na sinergia de todos os aspectos referentes ao transplantado.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the clinical and sociodemographic findings of the patients subjected to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and referred to the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (FO-UFMG). Method: Thirty-nine pre-allogeneic HSCT patients were selected between 2006 and 2008. The clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained from the medical charts from day -7 to day +360 post-HSCT. Results: It was found that 59% of the patients were male, 25.6% were Black and 53.8% were single. Thirty-three percent of them completed the elementary school, 38.5% were Catholic and 56.4% lived at home; of these, 51.2% owned their houses and 61.5% lived in the urban area. As much as 64.1%, 69.2%, 64.1% of the patients had access to basic sanitation, selective collection of residues and water supply pipelines. The bone marrow was the source of stem cells for the HSCT used in 61.5% of the cases, leukemia was the most prevalent base disease (46.4%), and 41% of the patients died after HSCT. Additionally, 43.6% of the patients presented acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 62.5% presented chronic systemic GVHD, and 58.3% presented oral GVHD. Conclusion: This study adds to the knowledge of HSCT information about the clinical and sociodemographic profile of the patients, suggesting that the success of transplantation encompasses the synergy of all aspects associated with the transplant recipient.