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Conducta adaptativa y calidad de vida en niños de 3 a 6 años con cardiopatías congénitas. Su relación con el medio ambiente de crianza. / Adaptative behavior and quality of life in 3-6-year-old children with congenital heart defects. Association with rearing environment.
Marin, D. N; Sorbara, M. L.
  • Marin, D. N; Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. Servicio de Salud Mental. Buenos Aires. AR
  • Sorbara, M. L; Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. Servicio de Salud Mental. Buenos Aires. AR
Med. infant ; 24(2): 78-86, Junio 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-878462
RESUMEN
Los niños con cardiopatías congénitas tienden a presentar dificultades en la adquisición de pautas madurativas y en su conducta adaptativa. Se estudió su relación con los estilos de crianza generados por el estrés que genera la enfermedad.

Objetivo:

Evaluar calidad de vida y conducta adaptativa de niños de edad preescolar con diagnóstico de cardiopatías congénitas atendidos por el equipo de Seguimiento de Recién Nacidos de Alto Riesgo del Hospital Garrahan.

Diseño:

observacional, prospectivo, transversal. Población niños con cardiopatías congénitas, que cumplan con los criterios de inclusión y brinden consentimiento. Instrumentos de medición Cuestionario PedsQ 4.0, Adaptative Behavior Scales, Vineland-II. Adicionalmente se registraron datos obtenidos en entrevistas con niños y cuidadores. Los datos se analizaron con STATA 9.0.

Resultados:

muestra constituida por 47 pacientes, mediana de 3,9 años, 57% masculinos, 74% procedentes del conurbano, 34% resolución quirúrgica completa, 98% con necesidades básicas satisfechas, 72% madre ama de casa, con dedicación exclusiva al cuidado del hijo, 97,87% con redes de apoyo. La percepción de calidad de vida fue alta. La conducta adaptativa arrojó puntuaciones bajas en las áreas Comunicación 95,74%, Socialización 53,19% y Motricidad 100%, en área Habilidades de la vida cotidiana el 51% tuvo puntajes adecuados. En las entrevistas se evidenció que las familias conviven con temor a que su hijo se descompense, la enfermedad condiciona la relación con la familia, los niños reciben trato privilegiado y crianza permisiva. Los padres tienen dificultades para delegar los cuidados en otra persona y los niños son tímidos e inseguros con baja tolerancia a la frustración (AU)
ABSTRACT
Children with congenital heart defects have difficulties attaining developmental milestones and in their adaptive behavior. Association between these difficulties and styles of child rearing generated by disease-related stress was studied.

Aim:

To evaluate quality of life and adaptive behavior of preschool children with congenital heart defects seen by the team of Follow-up of High-Risk Neonates at Hospital Garrahan.

Design:

Observational, prospective, cross-sectional. Population Children with congenital heart defects that met the inclusion criteria and signed informed consent. Measurement instruments PedsQL questionnaire 4.0, Adaptive Behavior Scales, VinelandII. Additionally, data obtained from interviews with the children and caregivers were recorded. Data were analyzed using STATA 9.0.

Results:

The sample consisted of 47 patients; median age 3.9 years; 57% were male, 74% came from Greater Buenos Aires; in 34% the defect was corrected with complete surgical repair. In 98% basic needs were satisfied, in 72% the mother was a housewife taking exclusive care of the child, 97.87% had access to support networks. The perception of quality of life was good. Adaptive behavior yielded low scores in the area of Communication in 95.74%, Socialization in 53.19%, and Motor skills in 100%; in the area of Skills of daily living 51% had an adequate score. The interviews showed that the families lived in the fear that the child would decompensate, that the disease conditioned family relationships, that the children received a privileged treatment and were raised permissively. The parents have difficulties delegating the care to other persons and the children are shy and insecure with a low frustration threshold (AU)
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Quality of Life / Adaptation, Psychological / Child Development / Heart Defects, Congenital / Life Style Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Med. infant Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2017 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan/AR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Quality of Life / Adaptation, Psychological / Child Development / Heart Defects, Congenital / Life Style Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Med. infant Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2017 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan/AR