Violencia de Género en el departamento del Meta 2015 / Gender violence in the department of Meta, 2015 / Violência de género no departamento de Meta 2015

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento y la respuesta del sistema de salud ante la violencia de género en el departamento del Meta, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, con los casos notificados por violencia sexual y de género en el departamento, durante 2015. Resultados: Se estudiaron 1569 casos, la edad promedio fue de 20,7 años, la mayoría mujeres 81,7%, de ingresos bajos 59,44%, amas de casa 36,9% o estudiantes 20,72%, el agresor más frecuente fue un hombre joven (14-45 años) 67,18%, que tiene relación afectiva con la víctima y convive con ella. La violencia física 46,4%, la negligencia-abandono 25,18% y el abuso sexual 24,16% son las modalidades de mayor ocurrencia. El mecanismo agresor más común es el arma corto contundente 52,35% y el sitio anatómico más afectado, cara, cuello y manos 36,3%. El sitio más frecuente de agresión fue la vivienda 73,4% y los lugares públicos. Se evidenció población vulnerable afectada como son las gestantes y víctimas de violencia armada. El sistema de salud actúa en la atención integral en forma efectiva, se limita a la atención del daño físico y no activa la ruta de atención establecida, generando mayores riesgos a la víctima. Conclusiones: Se encuentra una alta incidencia de violencia de género, los factores de riesgo encontrados: ser mujer, estudiante o ama de casa, unión libre, bajo ingreso y bajo nivel educativo. El sistema de salud debe involucrarse en la atención integral del evento.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the behavior and health system response to gender violence in the department of Meta, Colombia. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was designed with the reported sexual and gender violence in the department during 2015. Results: A total of 1,569 cases were studied. The average age was 20.7 years, most of them were women, 81.7%, 59.44%from lowincome status; they were housewives, 36.9% or students 20.72%. The most frequent offender was a young man (14-45 years) 67.18%, who had an affective relationship with the victim and cohabited with her. The highest occurrence patterns were physical violence 46.4%, abandonment-neglect 25.18%, and sexual abuse 24.16%. The most common aggressor mechanism was the short blunt weapon, 52.35%, and the most affected anatomical areas are the face, the neck and the hands, 36.3%. The most frequent place of aggression was the house, 73.4% and public places. Vulnerable population affected was evidenced including pregnant women and victims of armed violence. The health system operates in comprehensive care effectively but is limited to the attention of physical damage and does not active the attention route established, thus generating greater risks to the victim. Conclusions: A high incidence of gender violence was found being the risk factors: being a female, student or housewife, cohabitating, low income and low educational level. The health system must be involved in the comprehensive care of the event.

RESUMO

Objective: To describe the behavior and health system response to gender violence in the department of Meta, Colombia. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was designed with the reported sexual and gender violence in the department during 2015. Results: A total of 1,569 cases were studied. The average age was 20.7 years, most of them were women, 81.7%, 59.44%from lowincome status; they were housewives, 36.9% or students 20.72%. The most frequent offender was a young man (14-45 years) 67.18%, who had an affective relationship with the victim and cohabited with her. The highest occurrence patterns were physical violence 46.4%, abandonment-neglect 25.18%, and sexual abuse 24.16%. The most common aggressor mechanism was the short blunt weapon, 52.35%, and the most affected anatomical areas are the face, the neck and the hands, 36.3%. The most frequent place of aggression was the house, 73.4% and public places. Vulnerable population affected was evidenced including pregnant women and victims of armed violence. The health system operates in comprehensive care effectively but is limited to the attention of physical damage and does not active the attention route established, thus generating greater risks to the victim. Conclusions: A high incidence of gender violence was found being the risk factors: being a female, student or housewife, cohabitating, low income and low educational level. The health system must be involved in the comprehensive care of the event.