Nickel, chromium and cobalt: the relevant allergens in allergic contact dermatitis. Comparative study between two periods: 1995-2002 and 2003-2015
An. bras. dermatol
;
93(1): 59-62, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab
Article
in English
| LILACS
| ID: biblio-887156
ABSTRACT
Abstract Background:
Metals are common agents of allergic contact dermatitis, occupational or not, with decreasing incidence over the last years in some countries that have regulated the amount of nickel in objects.Objectives:
To analyze and compare with previous studies the profile of metal sensitization between 2003-2015.Methods:
Patients who underwent patch testing between 2003-2015 were evaluated retrospectively regarding the sensitization rates to metals, the associations between them, the relationship with profession and epidemiology.Results:
Of the 1,386 patients tested, 438 (32%) had positive test to some metal, similar results to the 404/1,208 (33%) of the previous study (1995-2002) performed at the same service (p=0.32). The frequency of nickel (77%), cobalt (32%) and chromium (29%) changed slightly (p=0.20). Most cases of sensitization to chromium were related to the occupation (64%), in contrast to nickel and cobalt (p<0.0001). There was a predominance of females among those sensitized to metal in both studies (p=0.63) and the age group of 20-49 years old (p=0.11); the number of fair-skinned individuals increased (p<0.001), as well as the lesions in the cephalic segment (50.5%; p<0.0001) and hands (45%; p<0.0001), which are not the most frequent location anymore. The number of cleaners decreased (39% vs. 59%; p<0.0001), which still lead in front of bricklayers/painters, which increased (14% vs. 9%; p=0.013). The frequency of wet work reduced (65% vs. 81%; p<0.0001). Studylimitations:
The study included a single population group; only patients with positive tests to metals were considered - the others were not evaluated for the possibility of false negatives.Conclusion:
The sensitization to metals, occupational or not, has been significant over the last 21 years, with few epidemiological changes.
Full text:
Available
Index:
LILACS (Americas)
Main subject:
Allergens
/
Chromium
/
Immunization
/
Cobalt
/
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
/
Nickel
Type of study:
Etiology study
/
Observational study
/
Risk factors
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Aged
/
Aged80
/
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
English
Journal:
An. bras. dermatol
Journal subject:
Dermatology
Year:
2018
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Brazil
Institution/Affiliation country:
Santa Casa de São Paulo/BR
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