Hipercolesterolemia familiar heterocigota en manejo con anti-PCSK9 / Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia being managed with anti-PCSK9

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: la hipercolesterolemia familiar representa un factor de riesgo sustancial para padecer enfermedad coronaria prematura, arterial periférica y valvular. Se han descrito dos formas según su alteración genética y cigocidad, así como tres mutaciones genéticas asociadas. Pese a que el tratamiento con estatinas se considera la primera línea, algunos pacientes no alcanzan metas, de modo que se han utilizado los inhibidores del PCSK9 como nueva estrategia. Métodos y materiales se expone el caso de una paciente de 42 años con hipercolesterolemia familiar heterocigota tratada con inhibidores del PCSK9. Se describen los criterios y estudiosgenéticos utilizados para realizar el diagnóstico, la cronología de tratamientos que recibió y los exámenes de laboratorio anteriores y posteriores al inicio del evolocumab. Adicionalmente se hace una revisión de tema acerca de la hipercolesterolemia familiar y su tratamiento con inhibidores del PCSK9. Conclusiones: la hipercolesterolemia familiar es una enfermedad que ocasiona graves consecuencias cardiovasculares. Los inhibidores del PCSK9 se han convertido en una alternativa prometedora para aquellos que no responden a las terapias convencionales. Se requieren estudios que corroboren o contradigan los beneficios y eventos adversos encontrados hasta el momento en que los pacientes se someten a estas nuevas terapias para así ofrecer un tratamiento ideal y oportuno.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a substantial risk factor for suffering premature coronary, peripheral arterial, and valular disease. There are two forms described, depending on their genetics and zygosity, as well as three associated genetic mutations. Although treatment with statins is considered first line, some patients do not reach targets, as such that that PCSK9 inhibitors have been used as a new strategy. Materials and method: A case is presented of a 42 year-old patient with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with PCSK9 inhibitors. The criteria and genetic studies used to make a diagnosis are described, as well as the chronology of the treatments that have been received and the laboratory results before and after starting with evolocumab. A review has also been made of the subject of familial hypercholesterolaemia and its treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors. Conclusions: Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a diseases that may have serious cardiovascular consequences. PCSK9 inhibitors have become a promising alternative for those who do not respond to conventional therapies. Studies are required that can corroborate or contradict the benefits and adverse effects found up until now in patients subjected to these new therapies in order to offer an ideal and appropriate treatment.