Un perfil de las obstetras en Paraguay / A Profile of midwifery in Paraguay

RESUMEN

Introducción: Este estudio trata de desarrollar un perfil descriptivo de las obstetras en Paraguay. El estudio incluyó tres componentes investigación de los antecedentes de los documentos oficiales y entrevistas a informantes claves para completar cuestionarios, entrevistas cualitativas con parteras y obstetras del Paraguay, y la observación de los participantes. Métodos: Los datos de los documentos oficiales y los cuestionarios fueron tabulados utilizando estadística descriptiva, entrevistas individuales y entrevistas de grupos pequeños de obstetras, estudiantes de obstetricia y médicos gineco-obstetras y se llevaron a cabo en cinco regiones de salud del Paraguay. Resultados: Participaron veintidós obstetras, nueve estudiantes de obstetricia, nueve gineco-obstetras y cinco dirigentes de las organizaciones profesionales de la salud. Tres temas destacados surgieron de las entrevistas. El primero fue la evolución del rol de la obstetra en el sistema de salud, sobre todo en la capital, Asunción. El segundo fue qué tanto las obstetras como los médicos gineco-obstetras informaron acerca de que las mujeres no tenían preparación suficiente para el parto y el periodo prenatal.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: This study sought to develop adescriptive profile of midwifery in Paraguay. Itinvolved three components background research from official documents and key informant interviewsto complete questionnaires, qualitative interviews with Paraguayan midwives and obstetricians, and participant observation. Methods: Data from official documents and questionnaires weretabulated using descriptive statistics. Individual interviews and small-group interviews of midwives, student midwives, and obstetricians were conductedin five health departments of Paraguay. Results: Twenty-two midwives, nine student midwives, nine obstetricians, and five leaders of professional health organizations participated. Three salientthemes were identified from the interviews. Firstwas the changing role of the midwife in the health system, particularly in the capital city of Asunción.Second, midwives and obstetricians both reported that women were not sufficiently prepared for laborand birth during the antenatalperiod. Limited antenatal education and childbirth classes existed and midwives felt that this was amajor barrier to vaginal birth. Finally, access tomidwife-provided antenatal care is perceived to belimited. Obstetricians are now providing antenatal care more often than they used to, and in some public hospitals they also attend vaginal deliveries. Limiting the utilization of midwives may well be amajor contributor to the rising rates of caesarean sections. Midwives are not fulfilling their potentialto prepare women for labor and birth, despitetheir high-level professional training. They havethe potential to improve antenatal preparation forlow-intervention birth, and this would be a moreeffective use of human resources for both obstetricians and midwives.