Agregação e proteção física da matéria orgânica em planossolo háplico sob diferentes sistemas de manejo / Aggregation and physical protection of organic matter in albaqualf under different manegement systems

RESUMO

Identificar os mecanismos de estabilização da matéria orgânica (MO) que atuam com maior eficiência em solos hidromórficos é essencial para compreender e avaliar a dinâmica da MO nestes agroecossistemas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a agregação, o teor de carbono orgânico total (COT) do solo e de carbono nas frações físicas da MO, em Planossolo Háplico Eutrófico solódico, sob diferentes sistemas de manejo; além de caracterizá-la por Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). O presente estudo foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas da Embrapa Clima Temperado, Capão do Leão, RS. A área experimental foi implantada em 2003. Em novembro de 2007, foram amostradas duas camadas (0,000 - 0,025 m e de 0,025 - 0,075 m) de solo em áreas sob preparo convencional (PC), plantio direto (PD) e campo nativo (CN). A qualidade estrutural na camada superficial do solo sob PC e PD foi afetada nas classes de agregados de 4,76 a 0,50 mm. O PC e o PD apresentaram reduções nos teores de COT do solo, carbono da fração grosseira, fração leve livre (FLL) e fração leve oclusa (FLO). Em curto período de tempo (quatro anos), os sistemas de manejo não influenciaram a fração pesada (FP). As proporções das frações físicas da MO em relação ao COT aumentaram na ordem FLL

ABSTRACT

To identify the mechanisms of stabilization of organic matter (OM) that act more efficiently in hydromorphic soils is essential to understand and to assess OM dynamics in these ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aggregation, the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil and in the physical fractions of OM, to characterize them by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and to identify the mechanisms of protection in an Albaqualf soil under different management systems. This study was conducted at the Lowlands Experimental Station of Embrapa Temperate Climate, in Capão of Leão municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State. The experimental area was established in 2003. In November 2007, soil was sampled in two layers (0.000 - 0.025 m and 0.025 - 0.075 m depth) under conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT) and native pasture (CN) areas. The structural soil quality under CT and NT, in the surface layer, was affected in the aggregate of diameter classes from 4.76 to 0.50 mm. The CT and the NT showed reductions in levels of soil TOC, C from the coarse fraction, free light fraction (FLF) and occluded light fraction (OLF). In a short period of time (four years), the management systems did not affect the heavy fraction (HF). The proportions of physical fractions of OM in relation to the COT increased in the order FLL

Subject(s)

Soil Characteristics; Waste Management; Soil Conditions; Organic Matter

Carbono orgânico total e Espectroscopia; Fração leve livre; Fração leve oclusa; Fração pesada; Free light fraction; Heavy fraction; Occluded light fraction; Total organic carbon and Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT

To identify the mechanisms of stabilization of organic matter (OM) that act more efficiently in hydromorphic soils is essential to understand and to assess OM dynamics in these ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aggregation, the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil and in the physical fractions of OM, to characterize them by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and to identify the mechanisms of protection in an Albaqualf soil under different management systems. This study was conducted at the Lowlands Experimental Station of Embrapa Temperate Climate, in Capão of Leão municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State. The experimental area was established in 2003. In November 2007, soil was sampled in two layers (0.000 - 0.025 m and 0.025 - 0.075 m depth) under conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT) and native pasture (CN) areas. The structural soil quality under CT and NT, in the surface layer, was affected in the aggregate of diameter classes from 4.76 to 0.50 mm. The CT and the NT showed reductions in levels of soil TOC, C from the coarse fraction, free light fraction (FLF) and occluded light fraction (OLF). In a short period of time (four years), the management systems did not affect the heavy fraction (HF). The proportions of physical fractions of OM in relation to the COT increased in the order FLL