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Genotypic profiles by AP-PCR of Streptococcus mutans in caries-active and caries-free preschoolers
Gamboa, Fredy; Chaves, Margarita; Valdivieso, Claudia.
  • Gamboa, Fredy; Javeriana University. Faculty of Sciences. Department of Microbiology.
  • Chaves, Margarita; Javeriana University. Faculty of Dentistry. Dental Research Centre. Bogotá. CO
  • Valdivieso, Claudia; Javeriana University. Faculty of Dentistry. Dental Research Centre. Bogotá. CO
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 23(2): 143-149, Sept. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949652
ABSTRACT
Streptococcus mutans, an acidogenic and aciduric microorganism that colonizes the oral cavity is recognized as the main causal agent of dental caries. Epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between the number of S. mutans in the oral cavity and prevalence and incidence of caries. At present, different genotypic and phenotypic methods are known to determine the profiles of settling and epidemiological distribution of S. mutans. The aim of this study was to investigate the profiles of S. mutans isolated from children with and without dental caries by using the AP-PCR (arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction) and api-Zym methods. In the AP-PCR method, random DNA segments of the target bacterium are amplified with single primers of arbitrary sequence. The api-Zym system (bioMerieux, Marcy-letoile, France) is a phenotypic micro-method that allows simultaneous detection of 19 enzymatic activities from bacterial inoculum. A transversal observational study was conducted, which finally included 120 3- to 5- year-old children (75 with and 45 without dental caries), who attended a preschool institution in Bogota (Colombia). S. mutans was isolated from 15 of the 45 children without dental caries (33.3%) and from 31 of the 75 children with caries (41.33%). In the 46 children, 69 S. mutans isolates were identified 24 isolates in the 15 children without dental caries and 45 isolates in 31 children with dental caries. With api-Zym system, 36 different phenotypes were detected 22 in the caries group and 15 in the caries-free group. The phenotype XX was present in both groups. With the AP-PCR method, 27 different fingerprinting profiles were identified 22 for the caries group and 9 of the healthy group; the two groups of patients shared four of these genomic profiles. In conclusion, the information shows a great diversity in S. mutans genotypes and phenotypes in the population studied.
RESUMEN
La caries dental es considerada una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial que conlleva a la destruccion del tejido dental duro. Streptococcus mutans, un microorganismo acidogenico y acidurico que normalmente se encuentra colonizando la cavidad oral, es considerado el principal microorganismo asociado al desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Estudios epidemiologicos han mostrado una fuerte correlacion entre el numero de unidades formadoras de colonias de S. mutans en la cavidad oral y la prevalencia e incidencia de caries dental. El hecho de reconocer a S. mutans como el microorganismo cariogenico mas importante, ha conducido al diseno de medidas preventivas y de control tendientes a eliminarlo o reducir su presencia en la cavidad oral. En la actualidad se utilizan diferentes metodos fenotipicos y genotipicos para demostrar la heterogeneidad y variabilidad genetica de cepas S. mutans presentes en la cavidad oral. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la utilidad de la tecnica APPCR en el 1. conocimiento del genotipo en aislamientos clinicos de S. mutans provenientes de ninos con y sin caries, y 2. en el establecimiento de diferencias en los perfiles de tipificacion en comparacion con la tecnica fenotipica Api-ZYM. En el metodo AP-PCR fragmentos del DNA de la bacteria son amplificados con primers simples que se anidan al azar. El sistema api-Zym es un micro-metodo semicuantitativo de investigacion que permite detectar rapida y simultaneamente 19 actividades enzimaticas a partir de pequenas cantidades de inoculo de la bacteria. En este estudio observacional descriptivo se incluyeron finalmente 120 ninos de 3 a 5 anos de un preescolar en Bogota (Colombia). Se encontro S. mutans en 15 de los 45 ninos sin caries dental (33.3%) y en 31 de los 75 ninos con caries (41.33%). En total se identificaron 69 aislamientos de S. mutans en los 46 ninos 24 en los 15 ninos sin caries dental y 45 en los 31 ninos con caries dental. Con el sistema Api-Zym se determinaron 36 fenotipos 22 en el grupo de caries y 15 en el grupo sin caries. Los dos grupos solamente presentaron en comun el fenotipo XX. Con el metodo AP-PCR se identificaron 27 perfiles, 22 en el grupo con caries y 9 en el grupo sin caries; ambos grupos de pacientes compartieron 4 perfiles genomicos. En conclusion, la informacion muestra una gran diversidad en perfiles de genotipos y fenotipos de S. mutans en la poblacion objeto de estudio, los cuales en algunos casos se complementan para establecer con claridad diferencias intra e inter-individuo.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Streptococcus mutans / Dental Caries Type of study: Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors Limits: Child, preschool / Humans Language: English Journal: Acta odontol. latinoam Journal subject: Dentistry Year: 2010 Type: Article / Project document Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Javeriana University/CO

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Streptococcus mutans / Dental Caries Type of study: Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors Limits: Child, preschool / Humans Language: English Journal: Acta odontol. latinoam Journal subject: Dentistry Year: 2010 Type: Article / Project document Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Javeriana University/CO