Oral health in drug addict adolescents and non psychoactive substance users

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to compare oral health between adolescents who are recovering drug addicts and adolescents who report not having used psychoactive substances. A retrospective observational Case-Control study was conducted on 60 subjects per group, aged 15 to 25 years, paired according to sex, age and educational vulnerability. Dental and sialochemical examinations were used to determine oral health/disease/care indicators. Psychoactive substance use habits were obtained from clinical records. DMFT index for Case adolescents was 8.58}4.34, doubling the mean value for the Control group, which was 4.33}4.30. CPI was compatible with gingival-periodontal health in 45% of the Control subjects, but only 20% in the Case group. CPI categories 2 and 3 had different distributions according to the study group, with CPI2=33%, CPI3=0% for the case group and CPI2=57%; CPI3=5% for the control group. Mean values for stimulated saliva for Case and Control groups, respectively, were salivary flow (ml/min) 1.42}1.08; 0.98}0.41, salivary pH 6.96}0.33 6.86}0.27, and buffer capacity expressed as final pH, 6.73}0.29, 6.61}0.28. Wilcoxon's test for independent samples showed significant differences (p<0.05) between Case and Control for the variables White Spot, Non-Cavitated Carious Lesions, Cavitated Carious Lesions, DMFT, Components D and M, Salivary Flow and Buffer Capacity. There was significant association between the D component in DMFT and use of psychoactive substances, both in single drug and polydrug users. Oral component status was worse in recovering drug addicts than in non-users of psychoactive substances.

RESUMEN

El proposito de esta investigacion fue comparar el estado de salud bucodental en adolescentes drogodependientes en recuperacion y los que no refieren consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Se realizo un estudio observacional tipo Caso y Control, retrospectivo de 60 adolescentes de 15 a 25 anos para cada grupo, apareados segun sexo, edad y vulnerabilidad educativa. A traves de examen clinico odontologico y sialoquimico se relevaron indicadores de saludenfermedad- atencion del componente bucal. Los habitos de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas se obtuvieron de historias clinicas. El indice CPOD en los adolescentes Casos resulto 8,58}4,34 valor que dobla la media que presenta el grupo Control 4,33}4,30. El Indice IPC presento una situacion compatible con salud gingivo-periodontal en el 45% de los sujetos Control, mientras que solo alcanzo al 20% en el grupo Caso. Las categorias 2 y 3 del IPC mostraron distribucion diferente segun el grupo de estudio siendo IPC2=33%; IPC3=0% y IPC2=57%; IPC3=5%, respectivamente para casos y controles. Los valores medios de los regis tros de saliva estimulada fueron para flujo salival (ml/min) 1,42}1,08; 0,98}0,41, pH de saliva 6,96}0,33 6,86}0,27, y la capacidad amortiguadora o buffer expresada como pH final 6,73}0,29, 6,61}0,28 para el grupo Caso y Control respectivamente. La prueba de Wilcoxon para muestras independientes puso en evidencia diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre Caso y Control para las variables Mancha Blanca, Caries no Cavitada, Caries Penetrante, CPOD, Componentes C y P, Flujo salival y Capacidad buffer. Se observo asociacion significativa entre el componente C del CPOD y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas tanto para la modalidad de monoconsumo como para la de policonsumo. La situacion del componente bucal de los sujetos drogodependientes en recuperacion, presenta mayor deterioro, respecto a los no consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas.