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Effect of dexamethasone on mandibular bone biomechanics in rats during the growth phase as assessed by bending test and peripheral quantitative computerized tomography
Bozzini, Clarisa; Champin, Graciela; Alippi, Rosa M; Bozzini, Carlos E.
  • Bozzini, Clarisa; University of Buenos Aires. School of Dentistry. Department of Physiology.
  • Champin, Graciela; University of Buenos Aires. School of Dentistry. Department of Physiology.
  • Alippi, Rosa M; University of Buenos Aires. School of Dentistry. Department of Physiology.
  • Bozzini, Carlos E; University of Buenos Aires. School of Dentistry. Department of Physiology.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 28(1): 83-88, Apr. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949694
ABSTRACT
Long-term glucocorticoid administration to growing rats induces osteopenia and alterations in the biomechanical behavior of the bone. This study was performed to estimate the effects of dexamethasone (DTX), a synthetic steroid with predominant glucocorticoid activity, on the biomechanical properties of the mandible of rats during the growth phase, as assessed by bending test and peripheral quantitative computed tomographic (pQCT) analysis. The data obtained by the two methods will provide more precise information when analyzed together than separately. Female rats aged 23 d (n=7) received 500μg.kg-1 per day of DXT for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, their body weight and body length were 51.3% and 20.6% lower, respectively, than controls. Hemimandible weight and area (an index of mandibular size) were 27.3% and 9.7% lower, respectively. The right hemimandible of each animal was subjected to a mechanical 3-point bending test. Significant weakening of the bone, as shown by a correlative impairment of strength and stiffness, was observed in experimental rats. Bone density and cross-sectional area were measured by pQCT. Cross-sectional, cortical and trabecular areas were reduced by 20% to 30% in the DTX group, as were other cortical parameters, including the bone density, mineral content and cross-sectional moment of inertia. The "bone strength index" (BSI, the product of the pQCT-assessed xCSMI and vCtBMD) was 56% lower in treated rats, which compares well with the 54% and 52% reduction observed in mandibular strength and stiffness determined through the bending test. Data suggest that the corticosteroid exerts a combined, negative action on bone geometry (mass and architecture) and volumetric bone mineral density of cortical bone, which would express independent effects on both cellular (material quality) and tissue (cross-sectional design) levels of biological organization of the skeleton in the species.
RESUMEN
La administracion cronica de glucocorticoides a ratas en fase de crecimiento induce osteopenia y modificaciones negativas del comportamiento biomecanico del hueso. El estudio presente fue realizado para estimar los efectos de dexametasona (DTX), esteroide sintetico con actividad glucorticoide predominante, sobre las propiedades biomecanicas de la mandibula de ratas durante la fase de crecimiento, estimacion realizada mediante el ensayo de flexion a tres puntos, por un lado, y tomografia periferica cuantitativa computarizada (pQCT), por el otro. Los datos obtenidos mediante los dos metodos citados brindaran informacion mas precisa cuando son analizados en forma conjunta que cuando son analizados separadamente. Ratas hembras de 23 d de edad (n = 7) recibieron 500μg.kg-1/d por via subcutanea durante 4 semanas. El peso y la longitud corporales mostraron una disminucion del 51.3% y 20.6%, respectivamente, en las ratas tratadas con respecto a las controles (n = 7). El peso de la hemimandibula derecha y el area mandibular (indice del tamano del hueso) disminuyeron 27.3% y 9.7%, respectivamente. La hemimandibula derecha de cada animal fue analizada biomecanicamente en el test de flexion a tres puntos. Se observo un significativo debilitamiento del hueso, demostrado por la disminucion correlativa de la resistencia (a la fractura) y de su rigidez estructural (medida en la fase elastica de deformacion) en los animales experimentales. La densidad osea y el area de seccion transversal fueron estimadas mediante pQCT. Las areas de seccion transversal, cortical y trabecular, mostraron una reduccion significativa de entre 20% y 30%, asi como la densidad osea, su contenido mineral y el momento de inercia de la seccion transversal. El BSI (indice de resistencia osea), el producto de xCSMI y vCtBMD (medidos topograficamente), disminuyo un 56% en las ratas tratadas, valor semejante al 54% y 52% observado en la resistencia y rigidez mandibulares determinadas mediante el test de flexion. El analisis de los resultados obtenidos sugiere que DXT ejerce una accion negativa y combinada sobre la mandibula, sobre su geometria (masa y arquitectura) y sobre su densidad mineral volumetrica del tejido cortical, acciones que expresarian efectos independientes sobre los niveles celular (calidad material) y tisular (diseno arquitectonico) de organizacion biologica del esqueleto en la especie estudiada.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Mandible Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Acta odontol. latinoam Journal subject: Dentistry Year: 2015 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Mandible Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Acta odontol. latinoam Journal subject: Dentistry Year: 2015 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina