Calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua de piscinas de dos complejos recreacionales del Estado Zulia / Physicochemical and microbiological quality of swimming pool water of two recreational complexes in Zulia State

RESUMEN

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua de piscinas de dos complejos recreacionales ubicados al oeste de la ciudad de Maracaibo, estado Zulia, de acuerdo con lo establecido en las normas sanitarias venezolanas (Gacetas Oficiales 4044 y 36395). Se realizó un muestreo en veinte (20) piscinas destinadas a actividades recreativas ubicadas en dos complejos. Los parámetros que se midieron para analizar la calidad sanitaria del agua de piscinas fueron color verdadero, conductividad eléctrica, sólidos totales, sólidos disueltos totales, turbidez, alcalinidad total, cloro libre residual, dureza total, pH, coliformes totales, coliformes fecales y organismos heterótrofos. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos sólidos disueltos, turbidez y color verdadero presentaron concentraciones promedios menores a los establecidos por las normas sanitarias vigentes; sin embargo, los valores promedios de cloro residual y pH se encontraron fuera de los rangos recomendados. Los parámetros microbiológicos mostraron que un 30% de las piscinas analizadas presentaron un valor promedio de organismos heterótrofos de 1107 UFC/mL, mayor al límite establecido por la normativa venezolana. Con respecto a los coliformes, un 75 y 60% de las piscinas presentaron al menos un tubo positivo durante la prueba de coliformes totales y fecales, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT

The present study had as objective to analyze the quality physical-chemical and microbiological of the water of swimming pools of two recreational complexes located in west of the city of Maracaibo, Zulia state, in accordance with the established in the sanitary Venezuelan procedure, the official gazettes 4044, and 36395. Sampling was conducted in twenty (20) aimed at recreational pools located on two recreational complex. The parameters were measured to analyze the quality of water in swimming pools were true color, electrical conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total alkalinity, residual free chlorine, total hardness, pH, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and heterotrophic organismes. The physicochemical parameters dissolved solids, turbidity and electrical conductivity presented average concentrations less than those established by the sanitary standards; however, the mean values of residual chlorine and pH were found outside the recommended ranges. The microbiological tests showed that 30% of the pools tested had an average value of heterotrophic organisms of 107 CFU / mL, higher than the limit set by Venezuelan law. 75 and 60% of the pools presented at least one positive test tube for total and fecal coliforms, respectively