Prevalencia y tipificación de genotipos de virus del papiloma humano en mujeres del área metropolitana del Valle de México / Prevalence and typing of human papilloma virus genotypes in women of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico

RESUMEN

Resumen Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano y describir los genotipos más frecuentes. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y ambispectivo efectuado en pacientes atendidas en la consulta externa del Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología, entre marzo y octubre de 2015, para prueba de PCR con fines de detección del virus del papiloma humano (Digene® HC2 DNA Collection Device). Resultados: se registraron 142 pacientes mujeres. La prevalencia del VPH fue de 9%. El 77% estaba en riesgo alto, de las que el serotipo 56 fue el más frecuente. El resto (33%) se clasificó con riesgo bajo (n = 3) de diferente tipo, pero ninguno 6 u 8. En cuanto a la diferencia de medias con t de Student para el número de parejas sexuales y edad, respecto del resultado de la prueba de PCR, no se obtuvieron resultados estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: la prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano varía entre los diferentes estudios realizados en México. En el sistema de salud se requiere un programa organizado para poder disminuir la prevalencia del VPH.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is considered the most important risk factor, associated to cervical cancer, more tan 90% of the cervical cancer cases have some DNA strains of the virus, and the most prevalent of the genotypes is the 16, followed by genotype 18. The use of biological tests has been successful in the opportune diagnosis of the infection. These techniques are based in the recognizement of HPV DNA by PCR. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of HPV and the most frequent genotypes in our population. Methodology: This study was realized in patients whom accepted the realization of the PCR test, in the Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología in the Mexico city, prospectively from march 2015 to october 2015. The main inclusion criteria was age above 35 years, lack of HPV disease previously diagnosed and all of them lived in the center of the country. Results: 142 female patients were analyzed. The prevalence obtained was 9%, 77% were at high risk, of which serotype 56 were the most frequent. The remaining 33% were classified as low risk, with only 3 cases, all had different genotypes, but none of them had 6 or 8. Conclusions: The Human Papilloma Virus prevalence varies among different studies in our country, as well as those performed worldwide. The existence of an organized system in our health care system may be one of the main contributors of our relative low prevalence.