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Hydralazine-associated adverse events: a report of two cases of hydralazine-induced ANCA vasculitis / Eventos adversos associados à hidralazina: um relatório de dois casos de vasculite associada ao ANCA induzida por hidralazina
Zuckerman, Roman; Patel, Mayurkumar; Costanzo, Eric J; Dounis, Harry; Haj, Rany Al; Seyedali, Seyedehsara; Asif, Arif.
  • Zuckerman, Roman; Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Neptune. US
  • Patel, Mayurkumar; Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Neptune. US
  • Costanzo, Eric J; Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Neptune. US
  • Dounis, Harry; Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Neptune. US
  • Haj, Rany Al; Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Neptune. US
  • Seyedali, Seyedehsara; Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Neptune. US
  • Asif, Arif; Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Neptune. US
J. bras. nefrol ; 40(2): 193-197, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954545
ABSTRACT
Abstract Hydralazine is a direct-acting vasodilator, which has been used in treatment for hypertension (HTN) since the 1950s. While it is well known to cause drug-induced lupus (DIL), recent reports are indicating the emergence of the drug-induced anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (DIV). Herein, we describe two patients (aged 57 and 87 years) who presented with severe acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria, and hematuria. Both were receiving hydralazine for the treatment of hypertension. ANCA serology was positive in both patients along with anti-histone antibodies (commonly seen in drug-induced vasculitis). Renal biopsy revealed classic crescentic (pauci-immune) glomerulonephritis in these patients and hydralazine was discontinued. During the hospital course, the 57-year-old patient required dialysis therapy and was treated with steroids and rituximab for the ANCA disease. Renal function improved and the patient was discharged (off dialysis) with a serum creatinine of 3.6 mg/dL (baseline = 0.9 mg/dL). At a follow-up of 2 years, the patient remained off dialysis with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) (stage IIIb). The 87-year-old patient had severe AKI with serum creatinine at 10.41 mg/dL (baseline = 2.27 mg/dL). The patient required hemodialysis and was treated with steroids, rituximab, and plasmapheresis. Unfortunately, the patient developed catheter-induced bacteremia and subsequently died of sepsis. Hydralazine can cause severe AKI resulting in CKD or death. Given this extremely unfavorable adverse-event profile and the widespread availability of alternative anti-hypertensive agents, the use of hydralazine should be carefully considered.
RESUMO
Resumo A hidralazina é um vasodilatador de ação direta, que vem sendo utilizado no tratamento da hipertensão arterial (HA) desde a década de 1950. Embora seja bem conhecido por causar lúpus induzido por drogas (LID), relatórios recentes estão indicando o surgimento da vasculite associada ao anticorpo citoplasmático anti-neutrófilo (ANCA), induzida por drogas (VID). Aqui, descrevemos dois pacientes (com idade entre 57 e 87 anos) que apresentaram lesão renal aguda grave (LRA), proteinúria e hematúria. Ambos estavam usando hidralazina para o tratamento da hipertensão. A sorologia para ANCA foi positiva em ambos os pacientes, juntamente com anticorpos anti-histona (comumente vistos na vasculite induzida por drogas). A biópsia renal revelou glomerulonefrite rapidamente progressiva clássica (pauci-imune) nestes pacientes e a hidralazina foi interrompida. Durante a internação hospitalar, o paciente de 57 anos necessitou de diálise e foi tratado com esteroides e rituximab para a doença do ANCA. A função renal melhorou e o paciente recebeu alta (fora da diálise) com creatinina sérica de 3,6 mg/dL (basal = 0,9 mg/dL). Em um seguimento de 2 anos, o paciente permaneceu fora da diálise com doença renal crônica avançada (DRC) (estágio IIIb). O paciente de 87 anos apresentava IRA grave com creatinina sérica em 10,41 mg/dL (valor basal de = 2,27 mg/dL). O paciente necessitou de hemodiálise e foi tratado com esteroides, rituximabe e plasmaferese. Infelizmente, o paciente desenvolveu bacteremia induzida por cateter e, posteriormente, evoluiu a óbito por sepse. A hidralazina pode causar IRA grave, resultando em DRC ou óbito. Dado este perfil de eventos adversos extremamente desfavorável e a disponibilidade generalizada de agentes anti-hipertensivos alternativos, o uso de hidralazina deve ser considerado com muita parcimônia.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis / Hydralazine / Antihypertensive Agents Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Aged / Aged80 / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J. bras. nefrol Journal subject: Nephrology Year: 2018 Type: Article Affiliation country: United States Institution/Affiliation country: Jersey Shore University Medical Center/US

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis / Hydralazine / Antihypertensive Agents Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Aged / Aged80 / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J. bras. nefrol Journal subject: Nephrology Year: 2018 Type: Article Affiliation country: United States Institution/Affiliation country: Jersey Shore University Medical Center/US