Trombosis venosa subclavia asociada a electrodo de marcapasos y síndrome de la plaqueta pegajosa / Subclavian venous thrombosis associated with pacemaker electrode and sticky platelet syndrome

RESUMEN

Resumen El síndrome de la plaqueta pegajosa en un trastorno cualitativo plaquetario en el que bajas concentraciones de epinefrina y adenosina difosfato producen hiperagregabilidad plaquetaria considerable. Se ha especulado mucho sobre la etiología de este trastorno sin que sean claros sus mecanismos fisiopatológicos. Desde el punto de vista clínico, se asocia a trombosis arteriales y venosas recurrentes en pacientes jóvenes, pérdidas gestacionales, otras complicaciones obstétricas y cefalea recurrente.En la literatura se ha descrito su presentación familiar, lo que hace sospechar su comportamiento hereditario autosómico dominante; también se ha reportado un fenotipo adquirido de la enfermedad en algunas poblaciones especiales como pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia de reemplazo renal o posterior al trasplante renal y en pacientes con cuadros inflamatorios o inmunosupresión. Se expone el caso de una paciente con antecedente de cefalea de difícil manejo, síndrome hipertensivo asociado al embarazo y mortinato, con síndrome del nodo enfermo y disautonomía manejadas con implantación de marcapasos definitivo bicameral con sensor CLS, que desarrolló trombosis de la vena subclavia, asociada al electrodo de marcapasos, recurrente a pesar de anticoagulación con warfarina y rivaroxabán e incluso a pesar de antiagregación con ácido acetilsalicílico, con posterior diagnóstico de síndrome de la plaqueta pegajosa.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Sticky platelet syndrome is a qualitative platelet disorder in which low concentrations of adrenaline and adenosine diphosphate produce considerable platelet hyperaggregability. There has been much speculation on the origin of this disorder as its pathophysiological mechanisms of action are not yet clear. From a clinical point of view, it is associated with recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis in young patients, miscarriages, other obstetric complications and recurrent headaches.Its familial presentation has been described in the literature, suspecting that it is of a dominant autosomal hereditary nature. An acquired phenotype of the disease has also been reported in some particular patients, such as patients with chronic kidney disease on renal replacement therapy or after a kidney transplant, as well as in patients with inflammatory processes or immunosuppression. The case is presented of a patient with a history of difficult to manage headaches, a hypertensive syndrome associated with the pregnancy, and a foetal death. She also had sick sinus node syndrome and dysautonomia managed with a definitive dual-chamber pacemaker with a CLS sensor. There was then a thrombosis in the subclavian vein associated with the pacemaker electrode, being recurrent despite anticoagulation with warfarin and rivaroxaban, and even despite anti-aggregation treatment with acetyl salicylic acid. She was subsequently diagnosed with sticky platelet syndrome.