Temporal trends in the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in adolescents / Evolução temporal na prevalência de asma e rinoconjuntivite em adolescentes

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the temporal trend of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalences as well as their symptoms in adolescents. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies were conducted using the same methodology and questionnaire as was used for adolescents aged 12 to 14 years in the Brazilian city of Florianopolis, SC, Southern Brazil. Based on the international protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) study, adolescents were evaluated in 2001 and 3,150 in 2012. The schools included in this study were the same as in the 2001 study. These schools were randomly selected after stratification by network (public and private) and geographic location. The total average percentage variation was estimated for the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis and their symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of reported asthma was 10.9% in 2001 and 14.8% in 2012, with an average variation of 2.8% in the period. The highest average variation in the period was observed among female adolescents (4.1%). In parallel a significant increase occurred in reported physician-diagnosed asthma, 7.3% in 2001 and 11,1% in 2012, with an annual variation of 4.5%. The largest increases in reported physician-diagnosed asthma were seen in female (5.9%) and male (4.5%) public school pupils. In addition, a significant increase in reported rhinoconjunctivitis occurred, with the average variation in the period being 5.2%. Reports of severe asthma symptoms remained unchanged during the period, while the annual variation for reported current wheezing (-1.3%) and wheezing during exercise (-1.2%) decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a significant increase in the annual average variation for asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence during the 2001 to 2012 period.

RESUMO

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência temporal da prevalência de asma e de rinoconjuntivite e seus sintomas em adolescentes. MÉTODOS Foram realizados dois estudos transversais utilizando a mesma metodologia e o mesmo questionário em adolescentes de 12 a 14 anos em Florianópolis, SC. Fundamentado no protocolo internacional do estudo International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), foram avaliados 4.114 adolescentes em 2001 e 3.150 em 2012. As escolas estudadas foram as mesmas de estudo anterior de 2001, selecionadas aleatoriamente após estratificação por rede (pública e privada) e por localização geográfica. A variação percentual anual média total foi estimada para a prevalência de asma e seus sintomas e para rinoconjuntivite. RESULTADOS A prevalência de relato de asma foi de 10,9% em 2001 e de 14,8% em 2012, com variação média no período de 2,8%. A maior variação média no período ocorreu entre os adolescentes do sexo feminino (4,1%). Houve aumento significativo no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma, de 7,3% em 2001 para 11,1% em 2012, com variação anual de 4,5%. Os maiores aumentos no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma ocorreram em alunos do sexo feminino (5,9%) e masculino (4,5%) da rede pública. Houve incremento expressivo no relato de rinoconjuntivite, com variação média no período de 5,2%. O relato de sintomas de asma grave permaneceu inalterado e houve decréscimo na variação anual no período no relato de sibilos atuais (-1,3%) e de sibilos aos exercícios (-1,2%). CONCLUSÕES Os resultados mostraram incremento significativo na variação anual média da prevalência de asma e de rinoconjuntivite no período de 2001 a 2012.