Marcadores do consumo alimentar de pacientes diabéticos avaliados por meio de um aplicativo móvel / Consumption of dietary intake markers by patients with diabetes assessed using a mobile application

RESUMO

Resumo Este trabalho objetiva avaliar os marcadores do consumo alimentar de pacientes diabéticos por meio de um aplicativo móvel. Estudo transversal, realizado com 100 adultos e idosos portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, internados em um hospital do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se o aplicativo móvel Diabetes FoodControl. Na associação da adequação dos marcadores do consumo com as variáveis investigadas, utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado ao nível 5% de significância. Identificou-se alto percentual de indivíduos com excesso de peso e adiposidade abdominal, além de inadequado controle glicêmico. A frequência de consumo alimentar adequado foi mais prevalente para os grupos alimentares frituras (82%), leite ou iogurte (71%), frutas frescas (70%), feijão e bebidas açucaradas (68%, cada), biscoitos doces e guloseimas (57%) e salada crua (56%). A adequação do consumo de marcadores não saudáveis foi mais frequente em diabéticos com renda inferior a quatro salários mínimos e entre os que não tinham hipertensão arterial sistêmica associada, respectivamente. A frequência de consumo dos marcadores pode ser considerada adequada em sua maioria, entretanto faz-se necessário acompanhamento nutricional, a fim de corrigir as alterações do estado nutricional e do controle glicêmico.

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the consumption of dietary intake markers in patients with diabetes using a mobile application. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 younger and older adult type 2 diabetes patients in treatment in a hospital in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data was collected using the Diabetes Food Control app. The chi-squared test was used to measure the association between adequate consumption of healthy and unhealthy markers and the variables investigated by the study adopting a 5% significance level. The findings revealed that a high percentage of the respondents were overweight and/or obese and showed inadequate glycemic control. The prevalence of adequate consumption of both healthy and unhealthy diet markers was greatest for the following food groups fried foods (82%), milk or yogurt (71%), fresh fruit (70%), beans and sugary drinks (68% each item), cookies and sweets (57%), and raw salad (56%). Adequate consumption of unhealthy diet markers was greatest in patients with a family income of less than four minimum salaries, followed by those who did not have high blood pressure. The frequency of consumption of markers was considered adequate for the majority of patients; however, nutritional monitoring is required to correct high blood glucose and HbA1c levels.