Abuelas universitarias: Roles y funciones en la vida profesional y familiar / University grandmothers: Professional roles and functions in the family

RESUMEN

Se informa un estudio cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue valorar la función de abuela universitaria y profesionista, en la dinámica familiar, desde la propia subjetivad de mujer y explorar la transformación de su identidad, configuraciones vinculares y el legado a las siguientes generaciones. Se hizo un estudio cualitativo exploratorio, transversal y no experimental en el que participaron 10 mujeres voluntarias, de 40 años o más, por inclusión continua por conveniencia, con entrevistas a profundidad y la aplicación del Cuestionario Mi Envejecer (CME). La mayoría de la producción académica en temática relacionada sobre vida académica de las mujeres y su relación con sus funciones en la familia apunta hacia estrés laboral y a la no inclusión en las tareas domésticas del varón, así como la superposición de la mujer en funciones y roles que la sobrepasan, tratando de cumplir perfecta y exitosamente con los deberes laborales, sin faltar a las demandas de la maternidad. Pero sobre mujeres adultas mayores profesionistas y activas laboralmente, no existen referencias de investigaciones. Por ello es de importancia abordar el tema de la abuelidad desde lo femenino, familia, identidades y las configuraciones vinculares nuevas o alternas a las tradicionales. Reconocer la actividad de las abuelas puede motivar en la mejora de la imagen social de las mujeres mayores, contrarrestando la cultura del viejismo.

ABSTRACT

The following work is the result of an investigation which by its extension - to be a qualitative study - was necessary to be exposed in two parts. This first part presents the theoretical aspects that support the research as well as the methodology used. The second part will present the results and their analysis, derived from the categories that emerged from the in-depth interviews. It should be mentioned that most of the academic production related to the academic life of women and their relation to their functions in the family - although with a broad reflection and sharp analysis with a gender perspective - points to work stress and non-inclusion in the domestic tasks of the male, as well as the overlapping of the woman in roles and roles that pass her, trying to perfectly and successfully fulfill the labor duties and without missing the demands of motherhood. As well an investigation of mature women in aging processes but in relation to the body exploring from perspectives of pathological aging or with dyes towards active and satisfactory aging, being proposals in which the value of doing over the Being of the woman is emphasized. However, it should be noted that there are no references to research on specific adult work in the labor market in different contexts, but on what has happened to the family relationship of the role of the grandmother who is also inserted in the public world, there are no references. The education of women in Mexico, from the time before the arrival of Spain and until the mid-twentieth century, was marked by education for domestic tasks maternity, home care, child care, and other activities Home care, the history of women's college education contains elements of exclusion and inclusion. Those who at that time gained access to the university developed strategies to overcome these setbacks. For women to enter the university, many struggles had to happen between opposing forces that did not conceive that there were different alternatives for women and not just being a mother and a wife. The first university students entered in careers and placed themselves in professional environments, which did not represent strong confrontations with the conceptions of gender of the time. Thus, their professional and academic achievements reflected the interplay between their desires and what they were allowed according to their sociocultural context of the historical moment in which they lived. The education of women brought the discovery of their lives, questioning, reflecting, discussing and criticizing their status as women. However, a question arises Does university life, the professionalization of women, have changed Roles that are played within the family? Are university grandmothers assuming themselves as women conscious of being grandmothers or mothers autonomously and independently of what society expects of them? It is therefore important to address the issues related to the grandparenthood from the feminine, family, identities and the new or alternate configurations to the traditional ones. Thus, the recognition of the activity of the grandmothers can motivate in the improvement of the social image of older women, against subtracting the culture of old. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the role of university and professional grandmother in family dynamics, from the subjectivity of women and explore the transformation of their identity, their configurations, and their legacy to the next generations. Through a qualitative exploratory, transverse and non-experimental study in which 10 volunteer women, aged 40 years and older, were evaluated by continuous inclusion for convenience, with in-depth interviews, and the age-old questionnaire (CME) was also applied.