Prevalencia, posibles asociaciones y características de niños entre los 2 y 4 años de edad con desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales de Cali, Colombia / Prevalence, possible associations and characteristics of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children between 2 and 4 years of age in Cali, Colombia

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: los estudios en desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales (DGF) de preescolares son escasos. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia, posibles asociaciones y características en preescolares con DGF de consulta externa privada y hospitalaria de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo tipo prevalencia en niños entre los 2 y 4 años de edad. Los padres y/o tutores respondieron los Criterios de Roma III en español. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de tendencia central, t-student a dos colas, chi cuadrado (χ2) y prueba exacta de Fisher; análisis uni y multivariados, cálculo de Odds ratio (OR) e intervalo de confianza (IC) 95 %, siendo una p <0,05 estadísticamente significativa. Resultados: se incluyeron 188 niños (3,4 ± 0,7 años, 51,6 % de sexo masculino, 63,3 % de consulta privada). Hubo una prevalencia del 39,9 %, 36,2 %, 2,7 % y 1,1 % para DGF, estreñimiento funcional (EF), diarrea funcional (DF) y síndrome de vómito cíclico (SVC), respectivamente. Los principales síntomas fueron para EF, heces 2 o menos veces por semana y dolor al defecar. Hubo predominio cuando tenían padres separados/divorciados. Conclusión: La prevalencia de DGF fue alta, siendo la principal causa el EF y su posible factor de riesgo, tener padres separados/divorciados.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Studies of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGDs) among preschoolers are scarce. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence, possible associations and characteristics of pre-school children with FGDs from private clinics and hospital outpatient clinics in Cali, Colombia. Materials and method: This is a descriptive study of prevalence in children between 2 and 4 years of age. The parents and/or guardians responded to the Rome III Criteria in Spanish. Sociodemographic, family and clinical variables were taken into account. The statistical analysis included measures of central tendency, two-tailed Student's t-tests, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, univariate and multivariate analyses, and calculation of ORs and 95% CI with p <0.05 established as statistically significant. Results: One hundred eighty-eight children were included (3.4 ± 0.7 years, 51.6% male, 63.3% private consultation) The prevalence of FGDs was 39.9%, the prevalence of functional constipation was 36.2%, the prevalence of functional diarrhea was 2.7% and the prevalence of cyclic vomiting syndrome was 1.1%. The main symptoms were for functional constipation were two or less bowel movements pre week and pain during defecation. Functional constipation was predominant when the patient had separated or divorced parents. Conclusion: The prevalence of FGDs was high and was the main cause of functional constipation. A possible risk factor is separated or divorced parents.