Incidencia de ectasia pielocalicial neonatal en el Hospital Metropolitano de Quito, 2014 a 2018: continuación de un estudio / Pyelocalyceal incidence of neonatal ectasia in Hospital Metropolitano of Quito, from 2014 to 2018: the next part of the study

RESUMEN

Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de ectasia pielocalicial e hidronefrosis en el Hospital Metropolitano de Quito durante el período 2014-2018. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico retrospectivo de incidencia de ectasia pielocalicial en el Hospital Metropolitano de Quito. Se presentaron 7 casos de neonatos diagnosticados de esta entidad durante un período de 4 años 5 meses, desde 2014 a 2018 (incidencia 0,18%) en el Hospital. Edad 25 meses promedio; 5 de sexo masculino y 2 de sexo femenino; 57% diagnosticados durante el período prenatal y 43% en el periodo neonatal. Resultados: de los neonatos diagnosticados por ecografía prenatal, en 100% se ratificó el diagnóstico ecográfico posterior al nacimiento. En este estudio se encontró que 85,7% padecía ectasia I-II, 0% ectasia III-IV y en 14,28% no se pudo identificar el tamaño de la dilatación. El 71,42% presentó asociación con hidronefrosis, 14,28% con doble sistema pielocalicial, 42,85% megauréter, 14,28% agenesia renal. Localización 57,14% izquierdo, 28,57% derecho y 14,28% bilateral. De los 7 pacientes, 14% acudió al Hospital por fiebre, 57% para control diagnóstico prenatal, 14% por control posnatal y 14% por hematuria. Conclusiones: la ectasia pielocalicial es una entidad de importancia que debe ser diagnosticada durante la etapa prenatal y confirmada en la etapa neonatal para lograr su correcto y oportuno manejo.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Determine the incidence of pyelocalyceal ectasia at Hospital Metropolitano of Quito from 2014 to 2018. Methods: A retrospective analytical study of pyelocalyceal ectasia incidence was performed at the Metropolitan Hospital of Quito. There were 7 patients with this disease from 2014 to 2018 (incidence of 0,18%) at the Hospital. The average age was 25 months. Of this, 5 were male and 2 female, 57% were diagnosed during prenatally and 43% of neonatal form. Results: From the group of patients that were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound, 100% the diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound performed within a few days of birth. In this study it was found that 85,7% had I-II ectasia grade, 0% ectasia III-IV, and 14,28% could not be identified due to lack of information about the size of expansion. Of the cases, 71,42% was associated with hydronephrosis, 14,28% with double pyelocalicial system, 42,85% megaureter, 14,28% renal agenesis. 57% affected the left side, 28% the right side and 14% afected bilaterally. From the 7 patients, 14% went to hospital due to fever, 57% for prenatal diagnosis, 14% for postnatal control, and 14% for hematuria. Conclusions: The pyelocalyceal ectasia is an important entity that must be diagnosed during the prenatal stage and confirmed in newborns for its correct management.