Prevalencia de sobrepeso y factores asociados en adolescentes en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga / Prevalence and factors associate in adolescents with overweight. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga.

RESUMEN

Objetivo:El sobrepeso, constituye en la actualidad un problema de salud pública, de causa multifactorial relacionado con comorbilidades como la diabetes mel-litus tipo II, resistencia a la insulina y el síndrome metabólico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados al sobrepeso en adolescentes del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Método:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de factores asociados. La muestra calculada fue de 238 adolescentes. Los datos de sexo, residencia, condición socioeconómica, Apgar familiar, lactancia materna, hábitos ali-menticios y actividad física, fueron evaluados; para determinar asociación se utilizó el estadístico Odds Ratio, con un intervalo de confianza al 95% y un valor de p<0.05 para definir significancia estadística. Resultados: De los 238 adolescentes incluidos en el estudio el promedio de edad fue de 12 años. La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue de 13.4% (IC-95%) con predominio en el sexo masculino 7.9%. El sobrepeso de los adolescentes está asociada al nivel socioeconómico (OR 0,1609; IC-95% 0,0418 -0,6195; p= 0,007), más aún si el jefe de familia percibe mayores ingresos (OR 1,9848; IC-95% 1,5353 -2,5660; p= <0,0001), al tipo de escolaridad del adolescente (OR 3,9481; IC-95% 1,2732 - 12,2431; p= 0,0174), hábitos alimenticios inadecuados (OR 4,5537; IC-95% 2,0255 -10,2377; p = 0,0002). Conclusiones:El sobrepeso en adolescentes del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga es im-portante y está asociada a un mayor nivel socioeconómico familiar y hábitos alimenticios inadecuados.

ABSTRACT

Overweight and obesity are currently considered a public health problem with multifactorial cause related to comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus type II, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adolescents of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Method:A descriptive and a cross-sectional study of associated factors was carried out. The sample was selected with a simple random procedure by generating a group of random numbers with the help of a computer interface, being the sample of 238 adolescents. Data about sex, residence, socioeconomic status, family Apgar, breastfeeding, eating habits and physical activity were evaluated. To determine the association, the Odds Ratio statistic was used with a confidence interval of 95% and a value of p <0.05 to define statistical significance. Results: The average age of the 238 adolescents included in the study was 12 years. The prevalence of overweight was 13.4% (IC-95%) with predominance in the male sex 7.9%. Adolescent overweight is associated with socioeconomic status (OR 0.169, 95% CI 0.0418 -0.6195, p = 0.007), more if the income is higher in the head of the family (OR 1.9848; IC-95% 1.5353 -2.5660; p = <0.0001), the type of schooling of the adolescent (OR 3.9481, IC-95% 1.2732 - 12.2431 p = 0.0174), inadequate eating habits (OR 4.5537, IC-95% 2.0255 -10.2377, p = 0.0002). Within these eating habits, the lack of fruit consumption, not having breakfast, excessive consumption of sweets and hamburgers are risk factors. Conclusions:The prevalence of overweight is important in adolescents of the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga and it is associated with the socioeconomic level, type of schooling and inadequate eating habits.