Conventional and advanced techniques in prosthodontic preservation and surgical management of residual alveolar ridge - a review

ABSTRACT

Prevention of alveolar bone loss and maintenance of alveolar bone structure are mandatory for long-term stability of conventional or implant-supported complete dentures. Extraction of teeth may result in 40% to 60% alveolar bone loss in a period of two to three years. Several conditions, including aging, facial lines, unaesthetic dental restorations and loss of vertical dimension, are often accelerated by premature loss of facial bone. Bone maintenance is the procedure of preserving bone after tooth loss. Every attempt should be made at the time of tooth loss to preserve the height and width of the jawbone. An unsatisfactory ridge morphology may result from periodontal disease, trauma or endodontic complications. Consideration must be given, during tooth extraction, to the final shape of the alveolar ridge and overlying soft tissue and to the optimal esthetic and functional result of the final tooth replacement. Soft and hard tissue complications can lead to unsatisfactory results for the patient, including unacceptable tooth morphology, poor phonetics and lack of confidence in denture stability. These problems may be prevented at the diagnosis and consultation stage. This review mainly includes various conventional and advanced prosthodontic and surgical techniques to enhance the residual alveolar ridge preservation