Maternal and cord plasma leptin, insulin, and somatotropin components in correlation with neonatal birth weight and pre-eclamptic women

ABSTRACT

Both pre-eclampsia and neonatal birth weight could be interrelated and are regulated by some factors. The present study was carried to assess correlation of pre-eclampsia and neonatal birth weight with Leptin, insulin, and Somatotropic components-Three groups of pregnant women were included 12 women with severe pre-eclampsia [SPE]. 15 women with mild pre-eclampsia [MPE]. and 20 women with normal pregnancy [Control]. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken and assayed for leptin, insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 by two step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. SPE group had significant Low birth weight [P<0.05] while MPE had non-significant relatively low birth weight P>0.05]. Maternal plasma leptin and insulin were increased [P<0.001, P<0.01 respectively in SPE and P<0.01 for both in MPE]. Maternal IGF-1 was significantly lowered [P<0.01 in SPE and P<0.05 in MPE] when compared to control. IGFBP-3 was significantly lowered in SPE and MPE [P<0.001] IGFBP-1 was significantly higher in SPE [P<0.001] than MPE [P<0.05] when compared to control. Cord blood samples had significantly lowered IGF-1 [P<0.01 in SPE, P<0.05 in MPE], significantly increased IGFBP-1 [P<0.001 in SPF, P<0.01 in MPE], and significantly decreased IGFBP-3 [P<0.01 in SPE, P<0.05 in MPE]. Ilypreinsulinemia and hypreleptinemia seemed to correlate more with pre-eclampsia than neonatal birth weight. Maternal IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 correlated more with pre-eclampsia. Cord plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 correlated with neonatal birth weight. We conclude that maternal Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperleptinelnia may contribute to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia while IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are more related to the severity of pre-eclampsia Fetal IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 are considered to be compensatory mechanism against placental hypoxia in pre-eclampsia