Immunogenetic study of diabetic patients with periodontal disease

ABSTRACT

This study compared the periodontal status of diabetic patients [whether insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent] with non-diabetic patients, in addition to the determination of the level of IL-8, and the frequency of HLA class I and class II antigens on lymphocytes among these patients and comparing them with the control group. The study groups consisted of 28 male patients with an age from 30 to 60 years and 10 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex. Clinical periodontal evaluation were performed for all teeth in each patient using Russel periodontal index. Blood was obtained from all subjects for the determination of the level of protein concentration of IL-8 using ELISA technique. Class I and class II HLA antigens were determined by the microlymphocytotoxicity assay. Analysis of the data demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the overall means for all diseased groups as regards the periodontal index [PI]. However, insulin-dependent diabetic patients [IDDP] showed highest mean, while non-diabetic patients had the lowest mean [P >/0.05]. The mean blood levels of IL-8 in all the diseased groups were significantly higher than the mean blood level of IL-8 in the control group, i.e. the difference among the four groups were highly significant [P <0.001]. There were no significant difference between the distribution of HLA antigens between the diseased groups and the control group in any class except in HLA [B37 + W67] which was significantly higher in NIDD than the control group [P <0.05]