Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

This study was initiated to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] in the childhood and adult populations in seven different areas of Saudi Arabia. Method: A household survey was conducted, and fasting and 2-hour post-glucose load blood samples were collected from 6368 Saudi males and females and the blood glucose level was estimated. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and IGT was based on the criteria of the World Health Organization. Results: The overall prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM] and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM] in the total population was 0.96% and 4.25%, respectively. The prevalence of NIDDM in females [4.73%] was higher than in males [3.69%], however, the difference was not statistically significant. Children [separated from adults and the prevalence was calculated in adult males, females and children. The prevalence of NIDDM increased to 6.02% and 7.22% in adult males and females, respectively. Prevalence of IDDM was higher in children [1.55%] than adults [0.59%]. Impaired glucose tolerance was identified at a higher prevalence in adult males [1.69%] than females [1.06%]. Differences were encountered in the prevalence of diabetes in the different regions of the country. The Saudi population can be regarded as a moderate risk population for diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that steps must be taken to improve awareness of the disease and to take measures towards prevention and control of this syndrome