miswak [chewing stick] and oral health-part 1-history, classification and composition

ABSTRACT

The miswak [chewing sticks] are commonly used in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and some parts of South America. Chewing sticks are a useful tool of oral hygiene. It has cultural and religious affiliations. In this article the history of miswak, its classification, chemical composition, pharmacological properties are highlighted. Recently miswak extract has been used in preparation of different toothpastes, due to its antibacterial activity and fluoride contents. This article is part I of a two part series on miswak. The second part will discuss its uses, effects on periodontium and preparation