Association of consanguinity with congenital heart diseases in a teaching hospital in Western Iraq

ABSTRACT

To study the association of consanguinity as a risk factor for congenital heart diseases [CHDs]. Patients with suggestive signs of CHD admitted to the Al-Ramadi Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq from January 2009 to January 2010 were subject to diagnostic investigations. Case data includes name, age, gender, and cause of admission. Parents' data includes age, residence, degree of consanguinity, and history of family recurrent CHDs. Three controls to one case [31] were selected to compare their consanguinity with the CHD cases. Odds ratio was used for the measurement of consanguinity and other variable risks on CHD occurrence. The CHD cases were 86. Selected controls were 258 non-CHD cases. The most recorded subtypes were ventricular septal defect [VSD], atrial septal defect [ASD], and tetralogy of fallot [ToF]. Consanguinity was found in 78% of cases and 43.3% in controls. First cousin consanguinity comprised 66.2% in cases and 35.6% in controls from all their marriages. Consanguinity was found a significant risk factor, more affecting the VSD and ASD than ToF subtypes, while parental age and infant gender were not found as risk factors. Consanguinity proved to be a risk factor for CHD. Further social education of the risks of consanguineous marriages in this tribal population is needed to reduce the prevalence of these morbid and mortal anomalies