study of accommodative convergence accommodation ratio in children and its relation to refractive errors

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted on 120 children aging 4-14 years. They were examined to evaluate Ac/A ratio its relation to refractive errors. Heterophoria at near was assessed using alternate cover test and Maddox rod test. Ac/A ratio was determined using lens gradient method. It was found that 49.58% of children were hypermetropes, 24.59% were myopes and 25.83% were emmetropes. The heterophoria at near ranged between -12 to + 5 delta, while Ac/A ratio ranged between 0.5 to 5.0 U/D. The mean Ac/A ratio was 2.7 +/- 0.54 U/D, 2.5 +/- 0.82 U/D and 2.09 +/- 0.49 U/D for myopes, emmetropes and hypermetropes, respectively, with statistically significant differences. No significant correlation was found between Ac/A ratio and near heterophoria or age of children