Social phobia among secondary school students: a comparative study between Egypt and Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

To assess the prevalence and Risk factors of social phobia [SP] among Arab secondary school students in Egypt, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA]. This study was conducted in 2 Cities belonging to 2 Arab Countries, Cairo [Egypt], Abha [KSA]. In Cairo Adolescents were enrolled from schools of Al-Azhar Secondary schools. On the other hand, those in Abha [KSA] were enrolled through the primary care service of the school health programs in both areas. The study sample from each city comprised 400 adolescents [200 boys and 200 girls]. Study tools included the social phobia inventory and the social phobia Risk Factors Questionnaire. Prevalence of SP is higher in Cairo [13%], followed by that in Abha [9.8%]. Differences were statistically significant [p=0.044]. In Cairo only, risk factors for SP included being a female [p=0.038], or being a first born child] [p=0.036]. Moreover, in all study settings, other risk factors included punishment by parents or teachers, either physically by battering, or psychologically by humiliation, having a positive family history of mental disorder or frequent marital conflict among parents. SP is a common mental disorder among Arab secondary school children. Its prevalence is highest among Egyptian School children, where it affects more girls than boys. Risk factors include physical or psychological child punishment or abuse, having a positive family history of mental disorder and parental marital conflict. Physical and/or emotional punishment should be avoided. School health programs should include screening for SP. Diagnosed cases should be referred for psychiatric and behavioral management