Basal cortisol levels and correlates of hypoadrenalism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

ABSTRACT

To determine the frequency of occurrence of hypoadrenalism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection and document the clinical correlates of hypoadrenalism for this group of patients. A descriptive study was carried out on 66 hospitalized HIV patients in a semi-urban setting of South Africa. Hypoadrenalism was diagnosed based on a basal cortisol level of less than 400 nmol/l with or without overt signs and symptoms. Clinical and biochemical parameters of hypoadrenalism were compared between subjects with suboptimal and normal cortisol levels. Statistical analysis included Student's t test, ?[2] and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests. The prevalence of hypoadrenalism was 27% with a high occurrence of contributory factors [cytomegalovirus infection in 100% and tuberculosis in 68.2% of the study subjects]. Typical features of hypoadrenalism included hyponatremia, 19.6%; hyperkalemia, 6.1%; mucosal hyperpigmentation, 12%, and loss of axillary hair, 15%. Comparison of clinical and biochemical parameters of hypoadrenalism did not show a correlation between CD4 count and cortisol levels [r = 0.1 and p = 0.3]. The prevalence of hypoadrenalism in our patients with HIV infection was high and the clinical features were comparable in subjects with normal and subnormal cortisol levels