In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis in comparison with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis

ABSTRACT

Propolis, a natural product of the honeybee, is currently used as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. Using different antibacterial agents is an important step to reduce the number of microorganisms within the root canal and improve the endodontic treatment prognosis. The present in vitro study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of Propolis against Enterococcus faecalis compared to calcium hydroxide. In this experimental study, 42 single-rooted human teeth were selected and their smear layer was completely removed after access cavity and canal preparation. After infecting the prepared canals with Enterococcus faecalis species, negative control group was used during sterilization period and in two groups of 18 each, canals were filled with 30%propolis extract and calcium hydroxide, respectively. No material was added to the positive control group. The specimens were stored in CO[2] incubator for 72 hours, 1 week and 1 month and afterwards, samples were taken from inside the canals and Enterococcus faecalis colonies were counted. Number of colonies at different time intervals was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the number of colonies after using the understudy medicaments. Number of colonies was 55,000 +/- 46,368.09 and 43,333.33 +/- 48,027.077 after incubation for 72 hours and using 30% Propolis extract and calcium hydroxide, respectively. After 1 week incubation, number of colonies was 166.67 +/- 408.25 in the Propolis group and zero in the calcium hydroxide group. No colonies were observed after 1 month incubation in both groups. No significant differences were noted between two medicaments at different time intervals. In general, antimicrobial activity of Propolis against Enterococcus faecalis species was comparable with that of calcium hydroxide at different time intervals. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative natural material for disinfection of canals during endodontic treatment