[ myeloproliferative syndromes]

ABSTRACT

There are chronic malignant haemopathy resulting from the attack of a hematopoietic original cell and resulting in monoclonal proliferation, without blocking of cellular maturation, concerning at least one of the three lineages myeloid [granulous, erythroblastic, thrombocytic]. These syndromes gather four affections chronic myeloid leukaemia, the polycythemia vera, the essential thrombocytaemia and the primitive myelofibrosis. It is about a retrospective study carried out over 6 years period from 2002 to 2007. The data were collected from the registers of the laboratory. The diagnosis of these various myeloproliferative syndromes is based on the data of the complete blood count, the blood smear, and is supplemented when it is necessary by the study of the myelogram and the cytogenetic study of the myeloid cells as it is the case for the Chronic myeloid leukaemia. This work interested 50 cases of myeloproliferative syndromes, distributed as 44 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia, four cases of polycythemia vera and two cases of primitive myelofibrosis. The means of age were respectively of 42 +/- 15 years, 56 +/- 14 years and of 43 +/- 5 years. There was a clear male prevalence. It was not noted a case of essential thrombocytaemy. The epidemiologic aspect and the clinical signs and biological parameters in the diagnosis of these various myeloprliferative syndromes were evoked and discussed during this work. There are rare chronic malignant haemopathy. There is few data on epidemiology of these affections; their incidence is estimated in the Western counties at 5 to 10 new cases per million inhabitants, each year, according to the type. The diagnosis rests on the clinical and hematological data. There are rare affections, requiring the multidisciplinary collaboration [clinician and hematologist], for best dealt with diagnostic and therapeutic. Their evolution, often pejorative is revealed by clinical signs and above all by disturbances with the complete blood count different from those noted at the time of the initial presentation