Evaluation and follow up of true and pseudo cholinesterase enzymes in workers exposed to pesticides

ABSTRACT

This present study was designed to evaluate the level of true and pseudo cholinesterase, establish a baseline or reference level and follow up of the level of enzymes during exposure, in workers applying and formulating anticholinesterase pesticides [organophosphates and carbamates], aiming at designing a comprehensive programming for prevention of pesticide intoxication. This study included thirty four workers exposed to organophosphate and carbamate compounds. Twenty five workers, present in one of the major companies formulating pesticides in, EL Nasr Company for Intermediate chemicals in Abou Rawash, and nine workers, present in the Kalioubia branch of the Agricultural Credit and Developmental Bank. The exposed group was matched with twenty control males with the same average age and socioeconomic status. Both exposed and control subjects were subjected twice to [1] A questionnaire including present, past and family history. [2] Complete medical and neurological examination. [3] Biochemical analysis including a -The level of true and pseudo cholinesterase. b - Liver function tests. c - Complete blood picture. Determination of cholinestrase is done by using a new technique [organophosphate kits] in the field using only a drop of blood from the thumb of the exposed workers. [Non invasive]. The study showed a statistically significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of the baseline values of true cholinesterase, also there is a statistically significant depression in both cholinesterases after exposure. The percentage of decrease of true and pseudo cholinesterase from baseline values were 28.06% and 21.61% respectively. The results of liver function tests showed a statistically nonsignificant decrease in the level of proteins and albumin and a statistically significant increase in the level of SGPT and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. Hematological findings revealed a statistically significant decrease in the level of hemoglobin. Identification of high risks population, determination of cholinesterase baseline for all workers before starting exposure, periodic surveillance at least once each season