Comparative study in midgut histolgical structure of queen and worker Yemeni honey bees apis mellifera jemenatica [hymenoptera: apidae] in pupae and adult stages under natural nutrition

ABSTRACT

The histological structures of the midgut [ventriculus] at the pupal and adult stages of queen and worker honey bees from the Yemeni honey were studied. The results of this study illustrate the amazing and complex structure of this insect. It is noteworthy that this research proves that queen honey bees differ from worker honey bees in terms of the developmental stages that they undergo at various times. Further, the midgut undergoes singular levels of development throughout various stages of metamorphosis. The pupal stage of the queen has been thoroughly studied, but that of the worker has only been studied on the first, fourth, and seventh days. However, the adult stage of the newlyemerged queen honey bees, newly-emerged worker honey bees, nurse worker honey bees, and forager worker honey bees all been studied. The results indicate that the tissues of the midgut, or ventriculus, during the pupal stage were reformed. The ventriculus revealed early development of the flections. It also revealed the presence of a group of prolonged epithelial cells and the absence of the peritrophic membrane. In addition, the cavity was almost empty of any components of food. However, during the adult stage, the tissues were distinguished in order to fit the bee's functions, and to accommodate the type of food. The midgut was composed of several regular flections which are comprised of the columnar cells, and muscles were characterized by the clear presence of a large number of regenerative cells. Therefore, the study found that the tissues of the queen honey bee, throughout various stages, were more advanced than that of the worker honey bee. Moreover, it was found that the kind of food that bee consumes has a clear impact on the structure of the midgut