Removal of cadmium from industrial effluents by electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes

ABSTRACT

The object of this study is the evaluation of cadmium removal from industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation process. For this study a glass tank in 1.56 L volume with four plate electrode was used to do experiments. The electrodes made of iron and connect to the positive and negative pole of DC power supply [bipolar mode]. The tank was filled with synthetic wastewater that was containing cadmium ion in concentration 5, 50 and 500 mg/L and then it was started up. The percent of cadmium ion removal was measured at pH 3, 7 and 10 and in electric potential range of 20, 30 and 40 volts. At the end of each stage of experiment, volume of produced sludge was measured. The results obtained at different electrical potential showed that initial concentration of cadmium can effect on efficiency removal and for higher concentration of cadmium, higher electrical potential or more reaction time is needed. On the other hand, if the initial concentration increases, the time required of process should increase too. The final pH for iron electrodes was always higher than initial pH. As expected, the results showed that for a given time, the removal efficiency increased significantly with increase of current density. The highest electrical potential [40V] produced the quickest treatment with >99% cadmium reduction occurring after only 20 min. The result showed that, in this process, the use of different electrical potentials can provide a wide range of pH for doing this process and electrocoagulation process [using iron electrodes] is a reliable, safety, efficient and cost-effective method for removal of cadmium from industrial effluents, especially designed for pH =10 and voltage = 40V