[Toxicity evaluation of malathion, carbaryle and glyphosate in common carp fingerlings [Cyprinus carpio, linnaeus, 1758]]

ABSTRACT

Common carp [Cyprinus carpio] fishes during release into the rivers estuary of the Caspian southern basin are generally exposed to a broad spectrum of agricultural pesticides. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three agricultural pesticides including Malathion, Carbaryle and Glyphosate on C. carpio in lethal level by determining LC[50] 96h and sub-lethal levels via cholinesterase [ChE] activity. The median lethal concentration using a standard method which is called OECD No. 203 [1992], was measured. About 300 fingerlings with average weight of 2.0 +/- 0.4 g were randomly selected and were then exposed to each pesticide in three treatments [0.1, 0.2 LC[50] 96h and negative control] in three replications. 5, 10 and 15 days after the test period, sampling from the head and body of fishes was carried out. The ChE activity was assayed with biochemical method described by Ellman. The LC[50] 96h for three glyphosate, malathion and carbaryle pesticides were obtained as 6.75, 1.3 and 12.67 mg/L, respectively. The mean values of ChE for both head and body under control conditions were found 1241.356 and 723.103 mU/min/mg protein, respectively. Therefore, the ChE activity of head was 1.7 times more than the body. During the test period, inhibition activitiy of ChE was significantly observed in the fishes treated by any of three components in comparison with control [p<0.05]. The ChE inhibition potential by carbaryle and glyphosate was lower than malathion as compared with control. The exposure time concentration exhibited a significant effect compared to the fishes treated by the investigated pesticide types. The used pesticide concentrations for non-target species which were ineffective and permissible according to the lethality bioassay test can lead to their enzyme responses and bio-damages