Pregnancy at an unusual location: a case report with review of literature

ABSTRACT

Implantation of the embryo at the site of a previous Caesarean scar is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy, with a high risk of maternal complications. The incidence of CSP [caesarean scar Pregnancy] is estimated in a recent series as 12226 of all pregnancies. A delay in establishing a diagnosis and in starting treatment can result in uterine rupture, massive hemorrhage and serious maternal morbidity, and may require hysterectomy. Several options are available to treat CSP if diagnosed early, although there are no evidence-based guidelines recommended due to its rarity. The management should be tailored to the individual situations. Little is known about the future pregnancies, outcomes and recurrences after fertility-preserving treatments following CSP. We report a case of suspected CSP in a 28 year old Gravida 2, Para one, who was referred to us for the management of incomplete miscarriage. Her previous delivery was six years back and was by Cesarean section. Ultrasound examination revealed that the patient had a large anterior lower uterine segment vascular mass of 9.3x8.2x9cms, suspected to be a persistent trophoblastic tissue invading the anterior uterine wall, though a degenerating fibroid could not be ruled out. The patient underwent dilatation and curettage as she had been bleeding for more than a month and still 3HCG being positive. The procedure was also used to establish a histopathological diagnosis. A follow up MRI and Ultrasound revealed a heterogenous mass. With a strong clinical suspicion based on history and early ultrasound reports, the diagnosis of an anterior uterine wall mass probably due to penetrating trophoblastic tissue on previous caesarean scar was made. The patient has been referred for either uterine artery embolisation or a laparoscopic removal in order to preserve her fertility