Odds of prostate cancer among Pakistani men in relation to their dietary patterns

ABSTRACT

To determine relationship between dietary pattern of Pakistani men and the odds of prostate cancer. Total of 195 cases of adenocarcinoma of prostate and 390 randomly selected controls were recruited for this retrospective study. Cases and controls were asked about their usual dietary pattern using validated food frequency questionnaire. NutriSurvey software version 2007 was used to compute amount of macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients consumption per week. Odds ratio was used as a measure of strength of association. Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios after adjustment of known potential confounding factors and effect modifiers. Mean calories consumed per day for cases was 3720 +/- 878 and for controls was 2918 +/- 487 and this difference was statistically significant [t =11.87 at 255 df ; p<0.001]. Red meat consumption was found to be strongly associated with prostate cancer risk [adjusted OR 2.23 for once a week, OR 10.67 for twice a week, OR 11.82 for thrice a week and OR 14.53 for daily]. On the other hand, consuming chicken for once a week was rather protective [adjusted OR 0.25; 95% CI. 0.14-0.44; p<0.001]. Weekly consumption of seasonal vegetables, fruits were found to play protective role [adjusted OR 0.01; 95% CI.0.005-0.03; p<0.001]. On the other hand, fat consumption demonstrated a strong relationship with prostate cancer risk such that those consuming 80 grams and above fats per day were at higher odds 7.95 [95% CI 4.38-14.43; p<0.001]. Increased risk was also observed with calcium consumption [OR 2.03 [95% CI.1.21- 3.42; p=0.006], however, phosphorous and Iron did not demonstrate any relationship with prostate cancer odds. Pakistan, prostate, dietary pattern, risk, odds, red meat, fruits, vegetables, diary products. Consumption of increased quantities of fats, red meat and dairy products are associated with higher odds of prostate cancer in Pakistani men.