Anxiety and self-esteem in smokers and nonsmokers

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to investigate anxiety and self-esteem among smokers and nonsmokers. It was hypothesized that [1] The level of anxiety would be different in smokers and nonsmokers, and [2] The level of self-esteem would be different in smokers and nonsmokers. Anxiety and self-esteem were measured by using self constructed questionnaire with 18 items on self-esteem and 8 items related to anxiety. The study sample comprised of 200 students [100 smokers and 100 non-smokers], studying at different departments of University of the Punjab. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample, t-test was used to interpret the data in statistical terminology. Results indicate insignificant difference in the level of anxiety [t- -0.654, df=198, p>.05] among smokers and nonsmokers. However, significant difference was found in the level of self-esteem [t= -3.009, df= 198, p<.05] among smokers and nonsmokers. Implications for the implementation of psychological interventions were discussed