Etiology, pattern and management of maxillofacial fractures in patients seen at mayo hospital, Lahore - Pakistan

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to determine the varying etiology, pattern and mode of treatment of maxillofacial injuries in a tertiary care centre, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. This was a retrospective study spread over two years and six months i.e. January 2010 to June 2012. 214 consecutive indoor/ outdoor and emergency patients with maxillofacial injuries farmed the study group. Data concerning the patients' demographics, aetiology, occupation, socioeconomic status and pattern of maxillofacial injuries were obtained and analysed. The most frequent bone fractured was the mandible, which accounted for 106 cases 49.5%, followed by 15.4% of pan facial [full house] fractures and 15.4% of Zygomatic complex fracture. The associated mid face fractures were found in 12.6% and isolated nasal bone fractures were found in 1.5% cases. The most common cause of injury was RTA 58.4%, followed by falls 24%, FAIs 6.1%, interpersonal violences 2.8%, sports and other injuries were 8.4%. Employees 49.5% and students 31.3% in age groups 20-40 years were mostly affected by RTA, while falls 14.4% were more common in age group less than 20 years. Open reduction and internal fixation alone 43.9%, maxillomandibular fixation +/- suspension 38.8% and open reduction and internal fixation with maxillomandibular fixation 14.5% were the main mode of treatment in this centre. In this study, mandible was the most commonly fractured facial bone; RTA especially by motorbike and chigchi rikshaw was the most common etiological factor. Results could be influenced by the personal and working environment